公开(公告)号：US5532643A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-02

申请号：US494205

申请日：1995-06-23

申请人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Eric L. Krenz

发明人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Eric L. Krenz

IPC分类号： H01P5/18 ,  H01P5/02

CPC分类号： H01P5/187

摘要： A manufacturably improved asymmetric stripline enhanced aperture coupler (10) is provided including a first non-transverse electromagnetic (non-TEM) field which couples an asymmetric stripline transmission line (22) to a coupling conductor (19) through a first aperture (17) in a first ground plane (16). The coupler (10) suppresses a second non-TEM field formed as an image on a second ground plane (15) by reducing the current flow on the second ground plane (15) using the asymmetric stripline transmission line (22) with increased coupling between a stripline conductor (12) and first ground plane (16) relative to coupling between stripline conductor (12) and second ground plane (15), particularly in the vicinity of the second non-TEM field using second aperture (14). The second non-TEM field is suppressed so as to enhance the coupling effect of the first non-TEM field between asymmetric stripline transmission line (22) and a coupling conductor (19).

摘要翻译： 提供了一种可制造的改进的非对称带状线增强的光圈耦合器（10），其包括通过第一孔（17）将不对称带状线传输线（22）耦合到耦合导体（19）的第一非横向电磁（非TEM）场， 在第一接地平面（16）中。 耦合器（10）通过使用不对称带状线传输线（22）减小第二接地平面（15）上的电流来抑制在第二接地平面（15）上形成为图像的第二非TEM场， 相对于带状导体（12）和第二接地平面（15）之间的耦合，特别是在使用第二孔（14）的第二非TEM场附近的带状线导体（12）和第一接地平面（16）。 抑制第二非TEM场，从而增强非对称带状线传输线（22）和耦合导体（19）之间的第一非TEM场的耦合效应。

公开(公告)号：US5486836A

公开(公告)日：1996-01-23

申请号：US389540

申请日：1995-02-16

申请人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Scott N. Carney ,  Eric L. Krenz

发明人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Scott N. Carney ,  Eric L. Krenz

IPC分类号： H01Q1/24 ,  H01Q1/52 ,  H01Q3/24 ,  H01Q1/38

CPC分类号： H01Q1/243 ,  H01Q1/525 ,  H01Q3/24

摘要： The present invention provides a method, dual rectangular patch antenna system, and radio for providing isolation and diversity while eliminating the need for a diplexer or a second transmit/receive switch. The dual rectangular patch antenna system comprises a first rectangular patch antenna (202), a second rectangular patch antenna (204), and a switch (206). Receive path diversity is provided by switching between the first rectangular patch antenna (202) and the second rectangular patch antenna (204).

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种方法，双矩形贴片天线系统和用于提供隔离和分集的无线电装置，同时消除对双工器或第二发射/接收开关的需要。 双矩形贴片天线系统包括第一矩形贴片天线（202），第二矩形贴片天线（204）和开关（206）。 通过在第一矩形贴片天线（202）和第二矩形贴片天线（204）之间切换来提供接收路径分集。

公开(公告)号：US08140085B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-20

申请号：US12241821

申请日：2008-09-30

申请人： Apoorv Chaudhri ,  David P. Gurney ,  Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Yadunandana N. Rao ,  Matthew E. Simms

发明人： Apoorv Chaudhri ,  David P. Gurney ,  Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Yadunandana N. Rao ,  Matthew E. Simms

IPC分类号： H04W72/00

CPC分类号： H04W72/082 ,  H04W4/02 ,  H04W8/205 ,  H04W16/14 ,  H04W48/20 ,  H04W72/02

摘要： A technique for a secondary communication system to utilize spectrum designated to another (or primary) communication system is provided. By ranking a plurality of secondary base stations based on base station transmit power, calculated required transmit power and path loss, a set of criteria is developed for selecting a highest ranked secondary base station for operation within a primary's spectrum. The ranking may be adapted based on mobility of the secondary's subscriber; and as such the secondary system communicates within the primary's spectrum using the adaptively ranked base stations. Channel selection may also be ranked. The technique and apparatus allows a cognitive radio (CR) network to operate within an incumbent network's spectrum.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种次要通信系统利用指定给另一（通信）通信系统的频谱的技术。 通过基于基站发射功率，计算的所需发射功率和路径损耗对多个次基站进行排序，开发了用于选择最高等级次级基站以在主频谱内操作的一组标准。 可以基于辅助用户的移动性来调整排名; 并且因此次级系统使用自适应排名的基站在主频谱内进行通信。 频道选择也可能被排名。 该技术和装置允许认知无线电（CR）网络在现有网络的频谱范围内运行。

公开(公告)号：US08068826B2

公开(公告)日：2011-11-29

申请号：US12024311

申请日：2008-02-01

申请人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  David P. Gurney

发明人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  David P. Gurney

IPC分类号： H04B17/00 ,  H04B7/00 ,  H04W24/00

CPC分类号： H04W52/30 ,  H04W16/14 ,  H04W52/243

摘要： A cognitive radio (CR) device (208 and/or 218) avoids interference with an incumbent (207) receiver by determining maximum allowed transmit power levels of the CR device based on estimates of the incumbent signal level and transmit splatter levels of the CR device. The CR device (208 and/or 218) avoids interference with the incumbent receiver while transmitting with maximum transmit power levels.

摘要翻译： 认知无线电（CR）设备（208和/或218）通过基于现有信号电平的估计和CR设备的发射分散电平来确定CR设备的最大允许发射功率电平来避免对现有（207）接收机的干扰 。 CR设备（208和/或218）在以最大发射功率电平发送的同时避免对现有接收机的干扰。

公开(公告)号：US07818011B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-19

申请号：US11457363

申请日：2006-07-13

申请人： Gregory J. Buchwald ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  Stephen L. Kuffner

发明人： Gregory J. Buchwald ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  Stephen L. Kuffner

IPC分类号： H04W72/00

CPC分类号： H04W48/16

摘要： The radio frequency (RF) environment is scanned and analyzed prior to entering a building or otherwise non-ideal propagation path environment. Upon entering the building or non-ideal propagation path environment, the mobile unit will scan the RF environment from within the building. An attenuation factor is determined for various frequencies. A channel then chosen to operate on in the cognitive system based on the attenuations of the various frequencies.

摘要翻译： 在进入建筑物或其他非理想传播路径环境之前，对射频（RF）环境进行扫描和分析。 进入建筑物或非理想传播路径环境时，移动单元将从建筑物内扫描RF环境。 确定各种频率的衰减因子。 然后，基于各种频率的衰减，选择在认知系统中操作的信道。

公开(公告)号：US07248165B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-24

申请号：US10937208

申请日：2004-09-09

申请人： Timothy J. Collins ,  David P. Gurney ,  Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Richard S. Rachwalski

发明人： Timothy J. Collins ,  David P. Gurney ,  Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Richard S. Rachwalski

IPC分类号： G08B13/14

CPC分类号： G06K19/07767 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G06K19/0723

摘要： The present invention provides a multi-band, multi-mode RFID tag that uses a single antenna structure and integrated circuit to provide asset location information at any stage of a supply chain. The unified tag design operates at multiple frequencies (or bands) using the antenna structure, for example, 125 kHz, 13.56 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.45 GHz, and preferably operates electrostatically (at lower frequencies) and electromagnetically (ay higher frequencies). An on-chip frequency monitor in the integrated circuit automatically determines which frequency is present and derives a local clock for the tag's integrated circuit, which can vary in accordance with the frequency or which can be constant. Alternatively, a phase locked loop circuit can be used to derive a local clock signal modulated into the interrogation signal. On-chip matching and power extraction circuits derive power for the tag from the interrogation signal, which is preferably passive. Additionally, a receiver can receive data from the interrogation signal.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种使用单个天线结构和集成电路的多频带多模式RFID标签，以在供应链的任何阶段提供资产位置信息。 统一标签设计使用天线结构（例如125kHz，13.56MHz，915MHz和2.45GHz）在多个频率（或频带）下工作，并且优选静电（在较低频率）和电磁（ay较高频率）下操作。 集成电路中的片上频率监视器自动确定存在哪个频率并导出标签集成电路的本地时钟，该时钟可以根据频率而变化，或者可以是恒定的。 或者，可以使用锁相环电路来导出调制到询问信号中的本地时钟信号。 片上匹配和功率提取电路从询问信号中获取用于标签的功率，优选是被动的。 另外，接收机可以从询问信号接收数据。

公开(公告)号：US08660498B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-25

申请号：US12493886

申请日：2009-06-29

申请人： David P. Gurney ,  Stephen L. Kuffner

发明人： David P. Gurney ,  Stephen L. Kuffner

IPC分类号： H04B17/00

CPC分类号： H04W52/367 ,  H04W16/14 ,  H04W52/228 ,  H04W52/243 ,  H04W52/281 ,  H04W52/283 ,  H04W72/082 ,  H04W72/10

摘要： A method of determining operating parameters for a secondary system transmitter is described. The transmitter characteristics, including location and operating frequency band, are provided to a geo-location database. The database determines the maximum allowable transmission power that meets various specifications for different channels and conveys the power and channel(s) to the transmitter. The database estimates channel incumbent signal strengths based on the transmitter location and primary and higher-priority secondary incumbent systems, estimates the splatter levels, determines whether adjacent and co-channel interference protection ratios are met, and adjusts the allowable power level accordingly. The database also estimates aggregate co- and adjacent channel primary and secondary incumbent system interference levels at the transmitter location and predicts channel quality for each allowable channel. The estimated levels are updated using measurements of actual levels at the transmitter location. The database dynamically allocates channels using the secondary system priorities.

摘要翻译： 描述了确定次系统发射机的操作参数的方法。 发射机特性，包括位置和工作频段，提供给地理位置数据库。 数据库确定满足不同通道的各种规格的最大允许传输功率，并将功率和通道传送到发射机。 数据库估计基于发射机位置和主要和更高优先级的次要现有系统的现有信号强度，估计飞溅电平，确定是否满足相邻和同频道干扰保护比，并相应地调整容许功率电平。 数据库还估计在发射机位置处的总共和相邻信道主要和次要现有系统干扰电平，并且预测每个允许信道的信道质量。 使用测量发射机位置的实际电平来更新估计电平。 数据库使用辅助系统优先级动态分配通道。

公开(公告)号：US08254844B2

公开(公告)日：2012-08-28

申请号：US12475004

申请日：2009-05-29

申请人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Gregory J. Buchwald ,  David P. Gurney

发明人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Gregory J. Buchwald ,  David P. Gurney

IPC分类号： H04B1/00 ,  H04B15/00

CPC分类号： H04B7/10 ,  H04B17/318

摘要： A mobile station (104) operates in a region where an incumbent operator (110) is transmitting. The secondary station transmits at a frequency similar to that of the incumbent operator's signal. The incumbent operator transmits using a particular polarization (113). To reduce interference, the secondary station selects one of a plurality of antennas of the secondary station which has a low matching polarization with that of the incumbent signal.

摘要翻译： 移动台（104）在现有操作员（110）正在发送的区域中操作。 次站以与现有操作员的信号相似的频率发送。 现任操作员使用特定的偏振（113）进行发送。 为了减少干扰，次站选择具有低匹配偏振的次站的多个天线中的一个与现有信号的天线相匹配。

公开(公告)号：US20090197627A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-06

申请号：US12024311

申请日：2008-02-01

申请人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  David P. Gurney

发明人： Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  David P. Gurney

IPC分类号： H04B7/00

CPC分类号： H04W52/30 ,  H04W16/14 ,  H04W52/243

摘要： A cognitive radio (CR) device (208 and/or 218) avoids interference with an incumbent (207) receiver by determining maximum allowed transmit power levels of the CR device based on estimates of the incumbent signal level and transmit splatter levels of the CR device. The CR device (208 and/or 218) avoids interference with the incumbent receiver while transmitting with maximum transmit power levels.

摘要翻译： 认知无线电（CR）设备（208和/或218）通过基于现有信号电平的估计和CR设备的发射分散电平来确定CR设备的最大允许发射功率电平来避免对现有（207）接收机的干扰 。 CR设备（208和/或218）在以最大发射功率电平发送的同时避免对现有接收机的干扰。

公开(公告)号：US20080159208A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-03

申请号：US11617018

申请日：2006-12-28

申请人： Kevin L. Kloker ,  Gregory J. Buchwald ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Stephen N. Levine ,  S. David Silk

发明人： Kevin L. Kloker ,  Gregory J. Buchwald ,  Lawrence M. Ecklund ,  Stephen L. Kuffner ,  Stephen N. Levine ,  S. David Silk

IPC分类号： H04Q7/00

CPC分类号： H04W16/14 ,  H04W48/12

摘要： A method and apparatus for allocation of shared spectrum in a wireless communication system uses a radio frequency (RF) beacon signal that is transmitted between access points of the wireless communication system. The information content of the RF beacon signal includes an identifier of the access point that generated the signal, identifiers of clients of that access point; and identifiers of the communication channels assigned to those clients. The client identifier may include at least part of an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the client. Additionally the beacon signal may contain client attributes to enable negotiation of the sharing of available communication channels between access points and clients.

摘要翻译： 用于在无线通信系统中分配共享频谱的方法和装置使用在无线通信系统的接入点之间传输的射频（RF）信标信号。 RF信标信号的信息内容包括产生该信号的接入点的标识符，该接入点的客户端的标识符; 以及分配给这些客户端的通信信道的标识符。 客户端标识符可以包括客户端的因特网协议（IP）地址的至少一部分。 另外，信标信号可以包含客户端属性，以便能够在接入点和客户端之间共享可用的通信信道。