摘要:
A method and apparatus are described to selectively reduce NOx emissions of an internal combustion engine. An exhaust aftertreatment system comprises an injection device operative to dispense a hydrocarbon reductant upstream of a silver-alumina catalytic reactor device. A control system determines a NOx concentration and hydrocarbon/NOx ratio based upon selected parameters of the exhaust gas feedstream and dispenses hydrocarbon reductant during lean engine operation. Included is a method to control elements of the feedstream during lean operation. The hydrocarbon reductant may comprise engine fuel.
摘要翻译:描述了一种方法和装置来选择性地减少内燃机的NOx排放。 排气后处理系统包括一个注入装置,其可操作以在银 - 氧化铝催化反应器装置上游分配烃还原剂。 控制系统基于废气进料流的选定参数确定NO x SO 2浓度和烃/ NO x SO 2比例,并在稀薄发动机运转期间分配碳氢化合物还原剂。 包括在精炼操作期间控制进料流的元素的方法。 烃还原剂可以包括发动机燃料。
摘要:
A method and apparatus are described to selectively reduce NOx emissions of an internal combustion engine. An exhaust aftertreatment system includes an injection device operative to dispense a hydrocarbon reductant upstream of a silver-alumina catalytic reactor device. A control system determines a NOx concentration and hydrocarbon/NOx ratio based upon selected parameters of the exhaust gas feedstream and dispenses hydrocarbon reductant during lean engine operation. Included is a method to control elements of the feedstream during lean operation. The hydrocarbon reductant may include engine fuel.
摘要:
A method of partially oxidizing an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone comprises contacting a gas containing the alcohol with a solid catalyst containing molybdenum, preferably in a +6 oxidation state, and having a surface area of 10 m2/g or higher, preferably 100 m2/g or higher. The molybdenum is supported on a high surface area carrier. The alcohol is a primary or secondary alcohol and preferably contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment, the alcohol is ethanol. NOx emissions from an internal combustion engine can be lowered by combining the product of partial oxidation with the exhaust stream before passing the exhaust mixture through a lean NOx catalyst. The partial oxidation product may be generated on board and injected into the exhaust under closed loop or open loop control
摘要:
In a liquid crystal display apparatus, a first control signal bus line receives a first control signal. A second control signal bus line receives a second control signal that lags behind the first control signal. A de-multiplexer circuit includes a first switching element and a second switching element. The first switching element switches a current path between a first source line and a first data line in response to the first control signal, and the second switching element switches a current path between the first source line and a second data line in response to the second control signal. A pixel part includes a first pixel connected to the first control signal bus line and corresponding to a first color filter, a second pixel connected to the second control signal bus line and corresponding to a second color filter, and a third pixel corresponding to a third color filter, wherein the third pixels are alternately connected to the first control signal bus line and the second control signal bus line.
摘要:
A pull-up driving part maintains a signal of a first node at a high level by receiving a turn-on voltage in response to one of a previous stage or a vertical start signal. A pull-up part outputs a clock signal through an output terminal in response to the signal of the first node. A first holding part maintains a signal of a second node at a high level or a low level when the signal of the first node is respectively low or high. A second holding part maintains the signal of the first node and a signal of the output terminal at a ground voltage in response to the signal of the second node or a delayed and inverted clock signal.
摘要:
A display apparatus has a pixel including a main pixel connected to a main gate line and a data line, and a sub-pixel connected to a sub-gate line and the data line. A main gate driver outputs a main gate pulse to the main gate line during a time period 1H. A sub-gate driver receives the main gate pulse and outputs a sub-gate pulse to the sub-gate line during a first portion of time period 1H. The data driver applies a sub-pixel voltage to the data line during the first portion of time period 1H and applies the main pixel voltage to the data line during a second portion of time period 1H.
摘要:
A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of pixels including switching elements; a plurality of pairs of first and second gate lines connected to the switching elements and separated from each other, transmitting a gate-on voltage for turning on the switching elements; and a plurality of data lines connected to the switching elements, transmitting data signals, wherein each pair of first and second gate lines is disposed between two adjacent pixel rows and is connected to one of the pixel rows.
摘要:
Disclosed is a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed there between. The first substrate is provided with gate lines and data lines thereon. The gate lines and data lines cross with each other and are insulated from each other. Pixel electrodes are stacked on the gate lines and data lines. Each pixel electrode includes first and second sub-pixel electrodes spaced apart from each other and a connection electrode, which connects the first sub-pixel electrode to the second sub-pixel electrode. The second substrate is provided with a common electrode thereon. The common electrode includes a first domain divider formed on the center of the first sub-pixel electrode and a second domain divider formed on the center of the second sub-pixel electrode.
摘要:
The conversion of NOx to nitrogen in the exhaust of a lean burn engine using a hydrocarbon assisted-selective catalytic reduction system is benefited by a two-stage oxidation catalyst-reduction catalyst SCR reactor. The character and quantity of the oxidation catalyst is managed to just activate the hydrocarbon reductant at low temperatures (but not fully burn it at high temperatures) to increase its NOx reduction efficiency as the exhaust then contacts the larger reduction catalyst stage of the two-stage reactor.
摘要:
A display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of pixels including switching elements; a plurality of pairs of first and second gate lines connected to the switching elements and separated from each other, transmitting a gate-on voltage for turning on the switching elements; and a plurality of data lines connected to the switching elements, transmitting data signals, wherein each pair of first and second gate lines is disposed between two adjacent pixel rows and is connected to one of the pixel rows.