Abstract:
Promoting secondary recovery of crude petroleum from a subsurface reservoir by flooding the reservoir with a continuous phase liquid admixture of hydrocarbon oil and water under high temperatures and pressures at which the oil dissolves water.
Abstract:
Low sulfur fuel oil is prepared by distilling an asphaltcontaining petroleum fraction to obtain a vacuum gas oil and vacuum residuum. The vacuum gas oil is passed downwardly with hydrogen through an upper bed of desulfurization catalyst; the residuum fraction is passed upwardly through one or more lower beds of desulfurization catalyst, and the desulfurized effluents are combined. It is found advantageous to pass the distilled fraction down through the desulfurization zone with less residence time and the residual fraction up through the zone to subject it to more back-mixing and turbulence and thereby effecting a longer residence time.
Abstract:
A hydrocracking process for the substantially complete hydrocracking of a heavy hydrocarbon charge stock by introducing a heavy hydrocarbon charge stock into a catalyst zone comprising a first catalyst zone below and a second catalyst zone above the point of entry of the charge stock, in the presence of hydrogen which is introduced in countercurrent relationship to said charge stock in first catalyst zone and maintained at a rate sufficient to provide for lower boiling liquid contact of the second catalyst zone followed by recycling the remaining hydrocarbon material from the first catalyst zone to the charge stock.
Abstract:
A PROCESS FOR RECOVERING HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN CONTAINING GASES, ESPECIALLY REFINERY GASES CONTAINING HYDROGEN AT A CONCENTRATION GREATER THAN 20 VOLUME PERCENT, BY INTRODUCING A HYDROGEN EXTRACTING AROMATIC HYDROCARBON INTO A HYDROGENATION CATALYST ZONE AT A POINT INTERMEDIATE IN SAID CATALYST ZONE, IN THE PRESENCE OF A HYDROGEN CONTAINING GAS IN COUNTERCURRENT RELATIONSHIP TO SAID AROMATIC HYDROCARBON, REMOVING A HYDROGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EFFIUENT FROM THE CATALYST ZONE, INTRODUCING SAID EFFLUENT INTO A DEHYDROGENATION CATALYST ZONE AT A POINT INTERMEDIATE IN SAID CATALYST ZONE IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ENRICHED HYDROGEN CONTAINING GAS IN COUNTERCURRENT RELATIONSHIP TO SAID EFFLUENT AND RECOVERING A HYDROGEN CONTAINING GAS OF AT LEAST ABOUT 90 VOLUME PERCENT HYDROGEN.
Abstract:
A CATALYTIC HYDROGEN CONTACT PROCESS FOR THE HYDROSULFURIZATION OF HEAVY HYDROCARBON MATERIALS BY INTRODUCING A HEAVY HYDROCARBON MATERIAL INTO A CATALYST ZONE COMPRISING A FIRST CATALYST ZONE BELOW AND A SECOND CATALYST ZONE ABOVE THE POINT OF ENTRY OF THE HEAVY HYDROCARBON MATERIAL, IN MTHE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN WHEREIN THE HYDROGEN IS INTRODUCED IN COUNTERCURRENT RELATIONSHIP TO SAID HEAVY HYDROCARBON MATERIAL AND MAINTAINED AT A RATE SUFFICIENT TO PROVIDE FOR LIQUID CONTACT OF THE SECOND CATALYST ZONE AND RECOVERING AN INCREASED PROPORTION OF LOWER BOILING HYDROCARBONS AND/OR HYDROCARBONS OF REREDUCED SULFUR CONTENT.
Abstract:
A DESULFURIZATION PROCESS FOR THE REMOVAL OF SULFUR IN A SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON OIL BY CONTACTING THE SULFUR CONTAINING HYDROCARBON OIL WITH AN ORGANIC HYDROPEROXIDE, AN ORGANIC PEROXIDE OR AN ORGANIC PERACID OXIDANT IN THE PRESENCE OF A GROUP IV-B, GROUP V-B OR FOR EXAMPLE BASE TREATMENT, A THERMAL TREATMENT OR A HYDRODESULFURIZATION TREATMENT.