Abstract:
THE PIPELINE FLOW CHARACTERISTIC AND THE GEL STRENGTH OF WAXY CRUDES, IN PARTICULAR NORTH AFRICAN CRUDES, ARE IMPROVED BY CENTRIFUGING UNDER SPECIFIC CONDITION TO REMOVE AN OPTIMUM AMOUNT OF WAX. IN A MODIFICATION OF THE PROCESS, LESS THAN THE OPTIMUM OF WAX IS REMOVED AND A DEWAXING AID IS ADDED TO THE CRUDE PRIOR TO CENTRIFUGING OR TO THE DEWAXED CRUDE. THE REMOVED WAX CAN BE VISBROKEN OR THEMALLY CRACKED, AND THE RESULTING FLUID CAN BE ADDED TO THE DEWAXED OIL.
Abstract:
Low sulfur fuel oil is prepared by distilling an asphaltcontaining petroleum fraction to obtain a vacuum gas oil and vacuum residuum. The vacuum gas oil is passed downwardly with hydrogen through an upper bed of desulfurization catalyst; the residuum fraction is passed upwardly through one or more lower beds of desulfurization catalyst, and the desulfurized effluents are combined. It is found advantageous to pass the distilled fraction down through the desulfurization zone with less residence time and the residual fraction up through the zone to subject it to more back-mixing and turbulence and thereby effecting a longer residence time.
Abstract:
A process for increasing the yield of lower boiling hydrocarbons from heavy hydrocarbon fractions by oxidizing a heavy hydrocarbon fraction using for example air followed by subjecting the oxidized heavy hydrocarbon fraction to both a pyrolysis step and hydrocracking step.
Abstract:
A sulfur-containing oil is initially preoxidized with an oxidant, such as, an organic peroxide, an organic hydroperoxide, air or an organic peracid in the presence of a Group IV-B, Group V-B or VI-B metal catalyst, water is then added to the preoxidized oil and desulfurization is carried out with sodium oxide, potassium oxide or calcium oxide catalyst on an alumina support. Water is added to the oil prior to desulfurization at a concentration ranging from 1 to 20 percent by weight.
Abstract:
Compositions which exhibit improved oxidation resistance and process for producing such compositions prepared by treating an oxidized hydrocarbon material with hydrogen sulfide. The preferred oxidized hydrocarbon material is an oxidized mineral oil which has been oxidized with oxygen, preferred air.
Abstract:
A hydrocracking process for the substantially complete hydrocracking of a heavy hydrocarbon charge stock by introducing a heavy hydrocarbon charge stock into a catalyst zone comprising a first catalyst zone below and a second catalyst zone above the point of entry of the charge stock, in the presence of hydrogen which is introduced in countercurrent relationship to said charge stock in first catalyst zone and maintained at a rate sufficient to provide for lower boiling liquid contact of the second catalyst zone followed by recycling the remaining hydrocarbon material from the first catalyst zone to the charge stock.