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    SOLID CATALYSTS AND FUEL CELL EMPLOYING THE SOLID CATALYSTS
    4.
    发明申请
    SOLID CATALYSTS AND FUEL CELL EMPLOYING THE SOLID CATALYSTS 有权
    固体催化剂和燃料电池采用固体催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US20090136826A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-28

    申请号：US12323244

    申请日：2008-11-25

    申请人： Takashi Yoshida ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Satoshi Itoh ,  Yoshiko Hiraoka ,  Reiko Yoshimura ,  Tsukasa Tada

    发明人： Takashi Yoshida ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Satoshi Itoh ,  Yoshiko Hiraoka ,  Reiko Yoshimura ,  Tsukasa Tada

    IPC分类号： H01M4/38 ,  B01J23/42

    CPC分类号： H01M4/92 ,  H01M4/921 ,  H01M8/1011 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/523 ,  Y10T428/12 ,  Y10T428/12493

    摘要： A solid catalyst having a close-packed structure has basic structural units present in the surface of the solid catalyst, the basic structural units including (i) a triangular lattice constituted of atoms of platinum, ruthenium, and at least one additional element which are disposed at the vertexes in the triangular lattice so that each atom of one of the elements adjoins atoms of the other elements or (ii) a rhombic lattice constituted of atoms of platinum, ruthenium, and at least one additional element which are disposed at the vertexes in the rhombic lattice in an atomic ratio of 1:2:1 so that each ruthenium atom directly adjoins a platinum atom and an atom of the additional element; and a fuel cell includes either of the solid catalyst as an anode-side electrode catalyst.

    摘要翻译： 具有密堆积结构的固体催化剂具有存在于固体催化剂表面的碱性结构单元，其基本结构单元包括（i）由铂原子，钌和至少一种另外的元素构成的三角形晶格， 在三角形格子中的顶点处，使得一个元件的每个原子与其他元素的原子相邻，或者（ii）由铂，钌和至少一个附加元素构成的菱形晶格，其被设置在顶点处 原子比为1:2:1的菱形晶格，使得每个钌原子直接毗邻铂原子和附加元素的原子; 并且燃料电池包括作为阳极侧电极催化剂的固体催化剂中的任一种。

    Refractive index variable element
    5.
    发明授权
    Refractive index variable element 有权
    折射率可变元件

    公开(公告)号：US07732806B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-06-08

    申请号：US11441092

    申请日：2006-05-26

    申请人： Reiko Yoshimura ,  Hideyuki Nishizawa ,  Kenji Todori ,  Ko Yamada ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada

    发明人： Reiko Yoshimura ,  Hideyuki Nishizawa ,  Kenji Todori ,  Ko Yamada ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada

    IPC分类号： H01L31/00

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0018 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02F2001/01791 ,  G02F2202/13 ,  Y10S977/774 ,  Y10S977/778 ,  Y10S977/81 ,  Y10S977/932

    摘要： A refractive index variable element has a structure including a solid matrix, and one or more types of quantum dots dispersed in the solid matrix and having discrete occupied and unoccupied electron energy levels. The quantum dots perform a function of generating a pair of positive and negative charges upon irradiation with light, a function of trapping a positive charge, and a function of trapping a negative charge. The quantum dots performing the function of trapping a negative charge are selected from the group consisting of a combination of a negatively charged accepter and a positively charged atom, where the outermost electron shell of the positively charged atom is fully filled with electrons so that an additional electron occupies an upper different shell orbital when receives an electron, a metal chelate complex, and metallocene and derivatives thereof.

    摘要翻译： 折射率可变元件具有包括固体基质和分散在固体基质中的一种或多种类型的量子点并且具有离散的占据和未占据的电子能级的结构。 量子点执行在用光照射时产生一对正电荷和负电荷的功能，捕获正电荷的功能以及捕获负电荷的功能。 执行捕获负电荷的功能的量子点从由带负电的正电荷和带正电的原子的组合组成的组中选择，其中带正电的原子的最外面的电子壳完全充满电子，使得附加 当接收电子时，电子占据上部不同的壳轨道，金属螯合络合物，茂金属及其衍生物。

    Near-field interaction control element
    6.
    发明授权
    Near-field interaction control element 有权
    近场交互控制元素

    公开(公告)号：US07471863B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-12-30

    申请号：US11690989

    申请日：2007-03-26

    申请人： Kenji Todori ,  Miho Maruyama ,  Reiko Yoshimura ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada ,  Ko Yamada

    发明人： Kenji Todori ,  Miho Maruyama ,  Reiko Yoshimura ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada ,  Ko Yamada

    IPC分类号： G02B6/10

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0118 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/0333 ,  G02F2202/36 ,  Y10S977/778 ,  Y10S977/81 ,  Y10S977/901

    摘要： A near-field interaction control element includes a near-field optical waveguide containing particles formed of a metal, a metal anion or a metal cation with a diameter of 0.5 nm or more and 3 nm or less and a dielectric constant of −2.5 or more and −1.5 or less, an electron injector/discharger injecting or discharging an electron into or from the particles contained in the near-field optical waveguide to vary a dielectric constant of the near-field optical waveguide, a near-field light introducing part introducing near-field light into the near-field optical waveguide, and a near-field light emitting part emitting the near-field light having guided through the near-field optical waveguide.

    摘要翻译： 近场相互作用控制元件包括包含由金属，金属阴离子或金属阳离子形成的颗粒的近场光波导，其直径为0.5nm以上且3nm以下，介电常数为-2.5以上 和-1.5或更小的电子注入器/放电器，将电子注入或放出包含在近场光波导中的粒子，以改变近场光波导的介电常数;近场光引入部分引入 近场光入射到近场光波导中的近场光，以及发射已经引导通过近场光波导的近场光的近场发光部。

    Refractive index variable device
    8.
    发明申请
    Refractive index variable device 审中-公开
    折射率可变装置

    公开(公告)号：US20060163556A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-07-27

    申请号：US11335634

    申请日：2006-01-20

    申请人： Reiko Yoshimura ,  Kenji Todori ,  Yoshiaki Kawamonzen ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada

    发明人： Reiko Yoshimura ,  Kenji Todori ,  Yoshiaki Kawamonzen ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada

    IPC分类号： H01L31/109

    CPC分类号： G02F1/017 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02F2001/01791

    摘要： A refractive index variable device has a structure including quantum dots dispersed in a solid matrix, each of the quantum dots comprising a combination of a negatively charged accepter and a positively charged atom, where the outermost electron shell of the positively charged atom is fully filled with electrons so that an additional electron occupies an upper different shell orbital when receives an electron; and an electron injector injecting an electron into the quantum dots through the solid matrix.

    摘要翻译： 折射率可变装置具有包括分散在固体基质中的量子点的结构，每个量子点都包含带负电的原子和带正电荷的原子的组合，其中带正电的原子的最外面的电子壳完全充满 电子，使得当接收电子时，另外的电子占据上部不同的壳轨道; 以及通过固体基质将电子注入量子点的电子注入器。

    Refractive index changing apparatus and method
    10.
    发明授权
    Refractive index changing apparatus and method 有权
    折射率变换装置及方法

    公开(公告)号：US07372067B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-05-13

    申请号：US11237783

    申请日：2005-09-29

    申请人： Kenji Todori ,  Reiko Yoshimura ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada

    发明人： Kenji Todori ,  Reiko Yoshimura ,  Fumihiko Aiga ,  Tsukasa Tada

    IPC分类号： H01L29/06

    CPC分类号： G02F1/01716 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02F2001/0151 ,  G02F2001/01791 ,  G02F2203/50 ,  Y10S977/774

    摘要： Refractive index changing apparatus includes quantum dots each having discrete energy levels including ground level and excited level, the excited level being higher than the ground level even if energy due to ambient temperature is provided on the quantum dots, barrier structure unit formed of dielectric which surrounds the quantum dots, injection unit configured to inject an electron into position of the ground level in each quantum dot via the barrier structure unit, utilizing tunneling effect, or to prevent injection of an electron into the position, injecting the electron or preventing injection of the electron controlled by changing an energy level of the injection unit, source which emits, to the quantum dots, first light beam having first energy for exciting electrons from the ground level to the excited level, and source which emits, to the quantum dots, second light beam having second energy different from the first energy.

    摘要翻译： 折射率变换装置包括量子点，每个量子点具有包括地面电平和激发电平的离散能级，即使在量子点上提供了由于环境温度导致的能量的激发电平高于地电平，由电介质形成的阻挡结构单元围绕 量子点，注入单元，被配置为通过阻挡结构单元将电子注入每个量子点中的地面位置，利用隧道效应，或防止电子注入该位置，注入电子或防止注入 通过改变喷射单元的能级来控制电子的电子，源发射到量子点的具有第一能量的第一光束，用于将电子从地电平激发到激发电平;以及源向量子点发射第二能量 光束具有与第一能量不同的第二能量。