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1.发明授权Method and apparatus for securely determining aspects of the history of a good 有权用于安全地确定商品历史的方面的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06501390B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-31
申请号：US09228231
申请日：1999-01-11
申请人： Timothy J. Chainer , Claude A. Greengard , William R. Pulleyblank , Charles P. Tresser , Chai W. Wu
发明人： Timothy J. Chainer , Claude A. Greengard , William R. Pulleyblank , Charles P. Tresser , Chai W. Wu
IPC分类号： G08B2100
CPC分类号： G06K19/07381 , A61M5/5086 , A61M2205/27 , A61M2205/273 , A61M2205/6054 , G06K19/0717 , G06K19/0723 , G06K19/073 , G06K19/07372 , G07F9/02 , G07G1/0054
摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatus to detect and reliably record the physical history of a product including effects due to one or more of the following: 1) product use 2) handling 3) tampering and 4) environment of the product (as changes in the environment, such as excessive temperatures, humidity, or shocks, can result in degradation to a product). The apparatus includes a “smart card”, or, more generally, “smart token”, in combination with one or more sensors which record the external influences on the product and/or the environment and records those changes in an encrypted form. This information can then be verified by any individual who is equipped with a (possibly public) decryption key, but capability to modify this information, depending on the application, is restricted to those with access to the encrypting key. Furthermore, the apparatus contains authentication information which can be reliably verified, in particular to confirm that the apparatus is attached to the product it supposed to be attached to.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了检测和可靠地记录产品的物理历史的方法和装置，其包括以下一个或多个的影响：1）产品使用2）处理3）篡改和4）产品的环境（如 环境，如过高的温度，湿度或冲击，可能导致产品退化）。 该装置包括与记录对产品和/或环境的外部影响并以加密形式记录这些改变的一个或多个传感器相结合的“智能卡”或更一般地，“智能令牌”。 然后，可以由配备（可能是公共）解密密钥的任何个人验证该信息，但是根据应用来修改该信息的能力仅限于具有访问加密密钥的用户。 此外，该装置包含能够被可靠地验证的认证信息，特别是确认该装置附着在其应该附着的产品上。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06737954B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US09989468
申请日：2001-11-21
IPC分类号： G05B2302
CPC分类号： G07C5/085 , G07C5/008 , G07C5/0858 , G08G1/205
摘要： An electronic event recorder for attachment to a vehicle is provided which can broadcast encrypted signature and data, thereby leaving behind an electronic version of a “fingerprint” in the event of an accident or traffic violation. The fingerprint, captured by an external data acquisition system or another vehicle so equipped, provides a history of events related to the vehicle. The event recorder is preferably integrated on a smart card and housed in a tamper proof casing. In a first mode of operation, monitoring stations along the roadways periodically send an interrogation signal, such as when radar detects that the vehicle is speeding. Upon receiving the interrogation signal the smart card transmits the vehicle's signature information to the monitoring station where it is time and date stamped along with the speed of the vehicle. In a second mode of operation, when a sensor detects a sudden or violent acceleration or deceleration, such as occurs during a collision, a smart card mounted in each car will exchange signature information automatically. This is particularly useful when the collision occurs in a parking lot when one of the hit vehicles is typically unattended.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于附着到车辆的电子事件记录器，其可以广播加密的签名和数据，从而在事故或交通违规的情况下留下“指纹”的电子版本。 由外部数据采集系统或其他如此装备的车辆捕获的指纹提供与车辆有关的事件的历史。 事件记录器优选地集成在智能卡上并且容纳在防篡改套管中。 在第一操作模式中，沿着道路的监控站周期性地发送询问信号，例如当雷达检测到车辆正在超速时。 在接收到询问信号时，智能卡将车辆的签名信息与车辆的速度一起发送到监视站，其中时间和日期被加盖。 在第二操作模式中，当传感器检测到诸如在碰撞期间发生的突然或剧烈的加速或减速时，安装在每个轿厢中的智能卡将自动交换签名信息。 当碰撞发生在停车场中时，当其中一个撞击车辆通常无人值守时，这是特别有用的。
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公开(公告)号：US06525672B2
公开(公告)日：2003-02-25
申请号：US09233487
申请日：1999-01-20
IPC分类号： B08G100
CPC分类号： G07C5/085 , G07C5/008 , G07C5/0858 , G08G1/205
摘要： An electronic event recorder for attachment to a vehicle is provided which can broadcast encrypted signature and data, thereby leaving behind an electronic version of a “fingerprint” in the event of an accident or traffic violation. The fingerprint, captured by an external data acquisition system or another vehicle so equipped, provides a history of events related to the vehicle. The event recorder is preferably integrated on a smart card and housed in a tamper proof casing. In a first mode of operation, monitoring stations along the roadways periodically send an interrogation signal, such as when radar detects that the vehicle is speeding. Upon receiving the interrogation signal the smart card transmits the vehicle's signature information to the monitoring station where it is time and date stamped along with the speed of the vehicle. In a second mode of operation, when a sensor detects a sudden or violent acceleration or deceleration, such as occurs during a collision, a smart card mounted in each car will exchange signature information automatically. This is particularly useful when the collision occurs in a parking lot when one of the hit vehicles is typically unattended.
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公开(公告)号：US06982625B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-03
申请号：US10720352
申请日：2003-11-25
IPC分类号： G05B23/02
CPC分类号： G07C5/085 , G07C5/008 , G07C5/0858 , G08G1/205
摘要： An electronic event recorder for attachment to a vehicle is provided which can broadcast encrypted signature and data, thereby leaving behind an electronic version of a “fingerprint” in the event of an accident or traffic violation. The fingerprint, captured by an external data acquisition system or another vehicle so equipped, provides a history of events related to the vehicle. The event recorder is preferably integrated on a smart card and housed in a tamper proof casing. In a first mode of operation, monitoring stations along the roadways periodically send an interrogation signal, such as when radar detects that the vehicle is speeding. Upon receiving the interrogation signal the smart card transmits the vehicle's signature information to the monitoring station where it is time and date stamped along with the speed of the vehicle. In a second mode of operation, when a sensor detects a sudden or violent acceleration or deceleration, such as occurs during a collision, a smart card mounted in each car will exchange signature information automatically. This is particularly useful when the collision occurs in a parking lot when one of the hit vehicles is typically unattended.
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公开(公告)号：US6069955A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US60026
申请日：1998-04-14
CPC分类号： G06Q10/087 , G06Q20/208 , G09C5/00 , H04L9/3226 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/608
摘要： A visible seal or label containing a serial number is placed in plain view on the product packaging. The visible label contains the serial number as well as a first public key encrypted version of the serial number. A second or hidden label inside of the package has thereon a second a second encrypted version of the serial number made using a second public key. The hidden label may be secured inside of the package out of sight or may be placed on the back of the visible label and therefore viewable through a transparent case when opened or visible when peeled off. The private keys are known only to the manufacturer. Using a corresponding public key provided by the manufacturer, the consumer, law enforcement agent, or customs inspector can verify that the encrypted version matches the serial number. An advantage to this method is that only the manufacturer can produce matching pairs. Moreover, using a point of sale machine equipped with the public key the sales clerk can authenticate the product in front of the consumer at point of purchase. Additionally, in the case of a CD or other digital medium, the hidden label may comprise a digital watermark of the encrypted serial number such that a consumer, law enforcement agency, or customs inspector can readily detect a counterfeit product.
摘要翻译： 包含序列号的可见密封或标签放在产品包装上的平面图中。 可见标签包含序列号以及序列号的第一个公钥加密版本。 包装内部的第二个或隐藏的标签上具有使用第二公钥制作的序列号的第二个第二加密版本。 隐藏的标签可以固定在包装内部的视线之外，或者可以被放置在可见标签的背面上，并且因此当被剥离时打开或可见时通过透明外壳可以看到。 私钥只有制造商才知道。 使用制造商提供的相应公钥，消费者，执法人员或海关检查员可以验证加密版本是否符合序列号。 该方法的优点在于只有制造商可以生成匹配对。 此外，使用配有公钥的销售点销售员可以在购买点对消费者面前的产品进行认证。 此外，在CD或其他数字媒体的情况下，隐藏的标签可以包括加密序列号的数字水印，使得消费者，执法机构或海关检查员可以容易地检测到假冒产品。
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公开(公告)号：US06397334B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09213179
申请日：1998-12-17
申请人： Timothy Joseph Chainer , Claude A. Greengard , Paul Andrew Moskowitz , Alejandro Gabriel Schrott , Charles P. Tresser , Robert Jacob von Gutfeld , Chai Wah Wu
发明人： Timothy Joseph Chainer , Claude A. Greengard , Paul Andrew Moskowitz , Alejandro Gabriel Schrott , Charles P. Tresser , Robert Jacob von Gutfeld , Chai Wah Wu
IPC分类号： H04L900
CPC分类号： H04N1/32101 , G01S17/88 , G06Q40/08 , H04N1/00342 , H04N2201/0084 , H04N2201/3233 , H04N2201/327
摘要： A system and method for authenticating an image of an object, include at least one identifier associated with the object, a receiver for interrogating the at least one identifier to produce identification information, a camera system for recording an image from the object including the at least one identifier, and a composite generator for encoding the identification information from the receiver along with the image acquired by the camera system, to produce composite data.
摘要翻译： 用于认证对象的图像的系统和方法包括与对象相关联的至少一个标识符，用于询问所述至少一个标识符以产生识别信息的接收机，用于从所述对象中记录包括至少 一个标识符和一个复合发生器，用于对来自接收机的识别信息以及由照相机系统获取的图像进行编码，以产生复合数据。
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公开(公告)号：US06996543B1
公开(公告)日：2006-02-07
申请号：US09182279
申请日：1998-10-29
CPC分类号： G06Q10/087 , G06Q20/208 , G09C5/00 , H04L9/3226 , H04L2209/56 , H04L2209/608
摘要： In order to verify the authenticity of manufactured goods, a smart tag is attached to the goods containing encrypted authentication information, such as a serial number, a description of the good's physical appearance or chemical decomposition, its color, or digital images of the good etc. The encryption procedure comprises public/private key encryption with zero-knowledge protocols. Zero knowledge protocols allow a smart tag to be authenticatable and yet be duplication resistant by allowing the verifying agent to convince him/herself that the smart tag is authentic without revealing its authentication information. The verification procedure can be done using a reader at a point of sale (POS) machine equipped with the appropriate public key and zero-knowledge protocols to decrypt the authentication information. A printed version of the serial number or other authentication information may be placed on the goods in human readable form to quickly verify the information electronically read from the smart tag. With the present invention, only the manufacturer can create such smart tags with the associated data thus making it virtually impossible to pass off a counterfeit good as authentic. In addition to authenticating counterfeit goods, the present invention can be used to detect authentic goods being sold in a parallel market.
摘要翻译： 为了验证制成品的真实性，将智能标签附加到包含加密认证信息的商品，例如序列号，商品的物理外观或化学分解的描述，颜色或数字图像等。 加密过程包括具有零知识协议的公钥/私钥加密。 零知识协议允许智能标签是可认证的，并且通过允许验证代理说服他/她自己智能标签是真实的而不揭示其认证信息而被复制。 验证过程可以使用配备有适当的公钥和零知识协议的销售点（POS）机器上的读取器来解密认证信息。 序列号或其他认证信息的印刷版本可以以人类可读的形式放置在货物上，以快速验证从智能标签电子读取的信息。 利用本发明，只有制造商可以使用相关联的数据来创建这样的智能标签，从而使得实际上不可能真实地将假冒商品传递出去。 除了认证假货外，本发明还可用于检测在并行市场上销售的正品。
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公开(公告)号：US06834344B1
公开(公告)日：2004-12-21
申请号：US09398203
申请日：1999-09-17
申请人： Gaurav Aggarwal , Pradeep K. Dubey , Ashutosh Kulshreshtha , Marco Martens , Charles P. Tresser , Chai W. Wu
发明人： Gaurav Aggarwal , Pradeep K. Dubey , Ashutosh Kulshreshtha , Marco Martens , Charles P. Tresser , Chai W. Wu
IPC分类号： H04L900
CPC分类号： G06T1/005 , G06T1/0042 , H04N1/32144 , H04N1/32154 , H04N2201/327
摘要： A method is presented for marking high-quality digital images with a robust and invisible watermark. It requires the mark to survive and remain detectable and authenticatable through all image manipulations that in themselves do not damage the image beyond useability. These manipulations include JPEG “lossy” compression and, in the extreme, the printing and rescanning of the image. The watermark also has the property that it can detect if the essential contents of the image has changed. The first phase of the method comprises extracting a digest or number N from the image so that N only (or mostly) depends on the essential information content, such that the same number N can be obtained from a scan of a high quality print of the image, from the compressed form of the image, or in general, from the image after minor modifications (introduced inadvertently by processing, noise etc.). The second phase comprises the marking. This can be done in form of an invisible robust watermark, or in form of some visible signature or watermark.
摘要翻译： 提出了一种用强大且不可见的水印标记高质量数字图像的方法。 它需要标记生存，并通过所有图像操作保持可检测和可认证，这本身不会损害图像超出可用性。 这些操作包括JPEG“有损”压缩，在极端情况下，打印和重新扫描图像。 该水印还具有可以检测图像的基本内容是否已改变的属性。 该方法的第一阶段包括从图像中提取摘要或数字N，使得仅N（或主要地）取决于基本信息内容，使得可以从扫描的高质量打印获得相同数量N 图像，从图像的压缩形式，或一般来说，从稍后修改的图像（通过处理，噪声等无意中引入）。 第二阶段包括标记。 这可以以不可见的鲁棒水印的形式或以一些可见的签名或水印的形式来完成。
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公开(公告)号：US06807634B1
公开(公告)日：2004-10-19
申请号：US09449618
申请日：1999-11-30
申请人： Gordon W. Braudaway , Marco Martens , Frederick C. Mintzer , James B. Shearer , Charles P. Tresser , Chai W. Wu
发明人： Gordon W. Braudaway , Marco Martens , Frederick C. Mintzer , James B. Shearer , Charles P. Tresser , Chai W. Wu
IPC分类号： H04L900
CPC分类号： G06T1/0071 , H04N1/32 , H04N1/32144 , H04N1/32304 , H04N1/32352 , H04N2201/3236 , H04N2201/324 , H04N2201/327
摘要： A digital watermarking method encodes different pairs of watermarks into each of a plurality of images offered for use by a vendor. The watermarks in each pair are derived from two separate collections of watermarks and sufficiently different so as to prevent false positives. Because each pair of watermarks is assigned to a different customer relative to a particular image, unauthorized use of a digital image sold to a customer may be determined by locating the associated pair of watermarks assigned to the customer in the image. Collusion detection is also realized by forming each pair of masks from sub-collections of masks which are detectable in an image formed by combining the same images sold to one or more customers.
摘要翻译： 数字水印方法将不同的水印对编码为提供供供应商使用的多个图像中的每一个。 每对中的水印从两个独立的水印集合中得到，并且具有足够的不同，以防止误报。 因为每一对水印被分配给相对于特定图像的不同客户，可以通过在图像中定位分配给客户的相关联的一对水印来确定销售给客户的数字图像的未经授权的使用。 通过从通过组合销售给一个或多个客户的相同图像形成的图像中可检测到的掩模的子集合形成每对掩模也可实现共谋检测。
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公开(公告)号：US06275599B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-14
申请号：US09143354
申请日：1998-08-28
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06T1/0042 , G06T2201/0052 , G06T2201/0053
摘要： A watermarking method involves mostly invisible artifacts and is sensitive to any modification of the picture at the level of precision rendered by the compressed version of the image. The image is compressed according to a known compression standard, such as the JPEG standard, and with a fixed quality setting. Using the JPEG standard, the original image is cut into blocks to which the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied and the DCT coefficients quantized. The watermark according to the invention is applied to the quantized DCT coefficients. This is done using an encryption function, such as a secret key/public key algorithm. The JPEG compression is then completed using a lossless compression scheme, such as Huffman coding, to produce the compressed and watermarked image. Authentication of the compressed and watermarked image begins with a lossless decompression scheme to obtain the set of quantized DCT coefficients. The coefficients are authenticated, and the DCT output of each block is dequantized. If necessary, an inverse DCT is applied to each block to output the decompressed watermarked image.
摘要翻译： 水印方法主要涉及不可见的伪像，并且对图像的压缩版本呈现的精度水平对图像的任何修改都敏感。 图像根据已知的压缩标准（例如JPEG标准）被压缩，并且具有固定的质量设置。 使用JPEG标准，原始图像被切割成应用了离散余弦变换（DCT）并且DCT系数被量化的块。 根据本发明的水印被应用于量化的DCT系数。 这是使用加密功能完成的，例如秘密密钥/公钥算法。 然后使用诸如霍夫曼编码的无损压缩方案完成JPEG压缩，以产生压缩和加水印的图像。 压缩和加水印图像的认证以无损解压缩方案开始，以获得量化的DCT系数集合。 系数被认证，并且每个块的DCT输出被去量化。 如果需要，对每个块应用逆DCT以输出解压缩的水印图像。
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