公开(公告)号：US06834344B1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-21

申请号：US09398203

申请日：1999-09-17

申请人： Gaurav Aggarwal ,  Pradeep K. Dubey ,  Ashutosh Kulshreshtha ,  Marco Martens ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Gaurav Aggarwal ,  Pradeep K. Dubey ,  Ashutosh Kulshreshtha ,  Marco Martens ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： H04L900

CPC分类号： G06T1/005 ,  G06T1/0042 ,  H04N1/32144 ,  H04N1/32154 ,  H04N2201/327

摘要： A method is presented for marking high-quality digital images with a robust and invisible watermark. It requires the mark to survive and remain detectable and authenticatable through all image manipulations that in themselves do not damage the image beyond useability. These manipulations include JPEG “lossy” compression and, in the extreme, the printing and rescanning of the image. The watermark also has the property that it can detect if the essential contents of the image has changed. The first phase of the method comprises extracting a digest or number N from the image so that N only (or mostly) depends on the essential information content, such that the same number N can be obtained from a scan of a high quality print of the image, from the compressed form of the image, or in general, from the image after minor modifications (introduced inadvertently by processing, noise etc.). The second phase comprises the marking. This can be done in form of an invisible robust watermark, or in form of some visible signature or watermark.

摘要翻译： 提出了一种用强大且不可见的水印标记高质量数字图像的方法。 它需要标记生存，并通过所有图像操作保持可检测和可认证，这本身不会损害图像超出可用性。 这些操作包括JPEG“有损”压缩，在极端情况下，打印和重新扫描图像。 该水印还具有可以检测图像的基本内容是否已改变的属性。 该方法的第一阶段包括从图像中提取摘要或数字N，使得仅N（或主要地）取决于基本信息内容，使得可以从扫描的高质量打印获得相同数量N 图像，从图像的压缩形式，或一般来说，从稍后修改的图像（通过处理，噪声等无意中引入）。 第二阶段包括标记。 这可以以不可见的鲁棒水印的形式或以一些可见的签名或水印的形式来完成。

公开(公告)号：US06450403B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-17

申请号：US09989697

申请日：2001-11-21

申请人： Marco Martens ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Robert J. von Gutfeld ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Marco Martens ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Robert J. von Gutfeld ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： G06F1760

CPC分类号： G06Q20/04 ,  G06K7/10861 ,  G06Q20/042

摘要： An apparatus and method allow to deposit ordinary checks from home or office. A special scanner is used to scan an endorsed check for deposit. The check may have printed thereon encryptions in at least selected locations. Scanning the endorsed check with the scanner to generates a digitized version of the check. The scanner virtually partitions the digitized version of the check into a plurality of regions. These regions may be stripes or zones. Each region is successively examined to extract from the digitized version of the check information from that region. The information extracted from a region is encrypted and transmitted to a bank. Upon acknowledgment from the bank, at least some of the regions of the plurality of regions voided by a form of indelible but non-invasive (e.g. allowing reading after voiding) marking such as punched holes, burned areas, overprinting of a pattern. The processing by the scanner continues until all regions have been processed. This progressively voiding scheme is an important security feature of the invention. The scanner is preferably contained in a secure housing with an encryption processor and the housing preferably includes an arrangement for detecting tampering and preventing normal operation if tampering is detected.

摘要翻译： 一种装置和方法允许从家庭或办公室存放普通支票。 使用特殊扫描仪扫描支票支票以进行存款。 该检查可以在至少选定的位置上印刷有加密。 用扫描仪扫描已核准的支票，以生成支票的数字化版本。 扫描仪将支票的数字化版本实际上分成多个区域。 这些区域可以是条纹或区域。 连续检查每个区域以从该区域的检查信息的数字化版本中提取。 从区域提取的信息被加密并传送到银行。 在来自银行的确认之后，多个区域的至少一些区域通过不可磨灭但非侵入性的形式（例如，允许在排空之后读取）标记被消除，例如冲孔，烧焦区域，图案的套印。 扫描仪继续处理，直到所有区域都被处理。 这种逐渐排空方案是本发明的重要的安全特征。 扫描器优选地包含在具有加密处理器的安全壳体中，并且壳体优选地包括用于检测篡改并且如果检测到篡改则防止正常操作的装置。

公开(公告)号：US06807634B1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-19

申请号：US09449618

申请日：1999-11-30

申请人： Gordon W. Braudaway ,  Marco Martens ,  Frederick C. Mintzer ,  James B. Shearer ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Gordon W. Braudaway ,  Marco Martens ,  Frederick C. Mintzer ,  James B. Shearer ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： H04L900

CPC分类号： G06T1/0071 ,  H04N1/32 ,  H04N1/32144 ,  H04N1/32304 ,  H04N1/32352 ,  H04N2201/3236 ,  H04N2201/324 ,  H04N2201/327

摘要： A digital watermarking method encodes different pairs of watermarks into each of a plurality of images offered for use by a vendor. The watermarks in each pair are derived from two separate collections of watermarks and sufficiently different so as to prevent false positives. Because each pair of watermarks is assigned to a different customer relative to a particular image, unauthorized use of a digital image sold to a customer may be determined by locating the associated pair of watermarks assigned to the customer in the image. Collusion detection is also realized by forming each pair of masks from sub-collections of masks which are detectable in an image formed by combining the same images sold to one or more customers.

摘要翻译： 数字水印方法将不同的水印对编码为提供供供应商使用的多个图像中的每一个。 每对中的水印从两个独立的水印集合中得到，并且具有足够的不同，以防止误报。 因为每一对水印被分配给相对于特定图像的不同客户，可以通过在图像中定位分配给客户的相关联的一对水印来确定销售给客户的数字图像的未经授权的使用。 通过从通过组合销售给一个或多个客户的相同图像形成的图像中可检测到的掩模的子集合形成每对掩模也可实现共谋检测。

公开(公告)号：US06603573B1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-05

申请号：US09182420

申请日：1998-10-30

申请人： Roy L. Adler ,  Marco Martens ,  Joan L. Mitchell ,  Nenad Rijavec ,  Robert H. Risch ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Roy L. Adler ,  Marco Martens ,  Joan L. Mitchell ,  Nenad Rijavec ,  Robert H. Risch ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： H04N152

CPC分类号： H04N1/6058 ,  H04N1/52

摘要： A method and apparatus for halftoning digital images renders color data subject to constraints on the number of colorants which can be deposited on a single pixel and constraints on consecutive pixels rendered with the same color. The color data to be rendered is mapped into a second data set in an achievable color gamut space. Then, using a digital halftoning method in the achievable color gamut space, the second data set is rendered, so that the constraints are satisfied.

摘要翻译： 用于对数字图像进行半色调的方法和装置使得颜色数据受到可以沉积在单个像素上的着色剂数量的限制，并且以相同颜色呈现的连续像素的约束。 要呈现的颜色数据被映射到可实现的色域空间中的第二数据集。 然后，在可实现的色域空间中使用数字半色调方法，渲染第二数据集，从而满足约束。

公开(公告)号：US06515770B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

申请号：US09270042

申请日：1999-03-16

申请人： Ravishankar Rao ,  Gerhard R. Thompson ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Ravishankar Rao ,  Gerhard R. Thompson ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： G06K1500

CPC分类号： H04N1/4051 ,  H04N1/4078

摘要： Calibrated dither masks adaptable to most printers are constructed in such a way that the threshold values can be adapted to a printer so that said printer can print the originally intended number of distinct tone levels. This adaptation can be done computationally so that the time it takes is not prohibitive. Furthermore, the resulting calibrated dither mask is such that there is no need for a tone reproduction curve in the halftoning process.

摘要翻译： 适用于大多数打印机的校准的抖动掩码被构造成使得阈值可以适应于打印机，使得所述打印机可以打印原始预期数量的不同色调级别。 这种适应可以在计算上完成，所以它所需的时间并不太高。 此外，所得到的校准抖动掩模使得在半色调处理中不需要色调再现曲线。

公开(公告)号：US06982625B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-03

申请号：US10720352

申请日：2003-11-25

申请人： Timothy J. Chainer ,  Claude A. Greengard ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Timothy J. Chainer ,  Claude A. Greengard ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： G05B23/02

CPC分类号： G07C5/085 ,  G07C5/008 ,  G07C5/0858 ,  G08G1/205

摘要： An electronic event recorder for attachment to a vehicle is provided which can broadcast encrypted signature and data, thereby leaving behind an electronic version of a “fingerprint” in the event of an accident or traffic violation. The fingerprint, captured by an external data acquisition system or another vehicle so equipped, provides a history of events related to the vehicle. The event recorder is preferably integrated on a smart card and housed in a tamper proof casing. In a first mode of operation, monitoring stations along the roadways periodically send an interrogation signal, such as when radar detects that the vehicle is speeding. Upon receiving the interrogation signal the smart card transmits the vehicle's signature information to the monitoring station where it is time and date stamped along with the speed of the vehicle. In a second mode of operation, when a sensor detects a sudden or violent acceleration or deceleration, such as occurs during a collision, a smart card mounted in each car will exchange signature information automatically. This is particularly useful when the collision occurs in a parking lot when one of the hit vehicles is typically unattended.

公开(公告)号：US06714318B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-30

申请号：US09412645

申请日：1999-10-05

申请人： Charles H. Morris, III ,  Joan L. Mitchell ,  Chai W. Wu ,  Gerhard R. Thompson ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Nenad Rijavec

发明人： Charles H. Morris, III ,  Joan L. Mitchell ,  Chai W. Wu ,  Gerhard R. Thompson ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Nenad Rijavec

IPC分类号： H04N140

CPC分类号： H04N1/40087

摘要： Digital halftoning techniques in printers which construct and utilize a mask in a dithering algorithm for a multitone printer are generalized by using a decision matrix in conjunction with a dithering matrix. For each pixel in the image, pixel grey value and a mask threshold value are obtained. Based on these values, a decision is made on the grey level to be printed at each pixel. For extensions to multiple component color images, each component is treated independently as if it were a grey scale image. The mask threshold values and sizes are likely to be tuned per component and therefore different.

摘要翻译： 通过使用结合抖动矩阵的决策矩阵来推广在多音频打印机的抖动算法中构造和利用掩码的打印机中的数字半色调技术。 对于图像中的每个像素，获得像素灰度值和掩码阈值。 基于这些值，对要在每个像素上打印的灰度级进行判定。 对于多组分彩色图像的扩展，每个组件被独立地处理，就像它是灰度图像一样。 掩模阈值和尺寸可能会被调整到每个组件，因此不同。

公开(公告)号：US06501390B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-31

申请号：US09228231

申请日：1999-01-11

申请人： Timothy J. Chainer ,  Claude A. Greengard ,  William R. Pulleyblank ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Timothy J. Chainer ,  Claude A. Greengard ,  William R. Pulleyblank ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： G08B2100

CPC分类号： G06K19/07381 ,  A61M5/5086 ,  A61M2205/27 ,  A61M2205/273 ,  A61M2205/6054 ,  G06K19/0717 ,  G06K19/0723 ,  G06K19/073 ,  G06K19/07372 ,  G07F9/02 ,  G07G1/0054

摘要： The present invention provides methods and apparatus to detect and reliably record the physical history of a product including effects due to one or more of the following: 1) product use 2) handling 3) tampering and 4) environment of the product (as changes in the environment, such as excessive temperatures, humidity, or shocks, can result in degradation to a product). The apparatus includes a “smart card”, or, more generally, “smart token”, in combination with one or more sensors which record the external influences on the product and/or the environment and records those changes in an encrypted form. This information can then be verified by any individual who is equipped with a (possibly public) decryption key, but capability to modify this information, depending on the application, is restricted to those with access to the encrypting key. Furthermore, the apparatus contains authentication information which can be reliably verified, in particular to confirm that the apparatus is attached to the product it supposed to be attached to.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了检测和可靠地记录产品的物理历史的方法和装置，其包括以下一个或多个的影响：1）产品使用2）处理3）篡改和4）产品的环境（如 环境，如过高的温度，湿度或冲击，可能导致产品退化）。 该装置包括与记录对产品和/或环境的外部影响并以加密形式记录这些改变的一个或多个传感器相结合的“智能卡”或更一般地，“智能令牌”。 然后，可以由配备（可能是公共）解密密钥的任何个人验证该信息，但是根据应用来修改该信息的能力仅限于具有访问加密密钥的用户。 此外，该装置包含能够被可靠地验证的认证信息，特别是确认该装置附着在其应该附着的产品上。

公开(公告)号：US06275599B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-14

申请号：US09143354

申请日：1998-08-28

申请人： Roy L. Adler ,  Bruce P. Kitchens ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Roy L. Adler ,  Bruce P. Kitchens ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： G06K900

CPC分类号： G06T1/0042 ,  G06T2201/0052 ,  G06T2201/0053

摘要： A watermarking method involves mostly invisible artifacts and is sensitive to any modification of the picture at the level of precision rendered by the compressed version of the image. The image is compressed according to a known compression standard, such as the JPEG standard, and with a fixed quality setting. Using the JPEG standard, the original image is cut into blocks to which the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is applied and the DCT coefficients quantized. The watermark according to the invention is applied to the quantized DCT coefficients. This is done using an encryption function, such as a secret key/public key algorithm. The JPEG compression is then completed using a lossless compression scheme, such as Huffman coding, to produce the compressed and watermarked image. Authentication of the compressed and watermarked image begins with a lossless decompression scheme to obtain the set of quantized DCT coefficients. The coefficients are authenticated, and the DCT output of each block is dequantized. If necessary, an inverse DCT is applied to each block to output the decompressed watermarked image.

摘要翻译： 水印方法主要涉及不可见的伪像，并且对图像的压缩版本呈现的精度水平对图像的任何修改都敏感。 图像根据已知的压缩标准（例如JPEG标准）被压缩，并且具有固定的质量设置。 使用JPEG标准，原始图像被切割成应用了离散余弦变换（DCT）并且DCT系数被量化的块。 根据本发明的水印被应用于量化的DCT系数。 这是使用加密功能完成的，例如秘密密钥/公钥算法。 然后使用诸如霍夫曼编码的无损压缩方案完成JPEG压缩，以产生压缩和加水印的图像。 压缩和加水印图像的认证以无损解压缩方案开始，以获得量化的DCT系数集合。 系数被认证，并且每个块的DCT输出被去量化。 如果需要，对每个块应用逆DCT以输出解压缩的水印图像。

公开(公告)号：US06737954B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US09989468

申请日：2001-11-21

申请人： Timothy J. Chainer ,  Claude A. Greengard ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

发明人： Timothy J. Chainer ,  Claude A. Greengard ,  Charles P. Tresser ,  Chai W. Wu

IPC分类号： G05B2302

CPC分类号： G07C5/085 ,  G07C5/008 ,  G07C5/0858 ,  G08G1/205

摘要： An electronic event recorder for attachment to a vehicle is provided which can broadcast encrypted signature and data, thereby leaving behind an electronic version of a “fingerprint” in the event of an accident or traffic violation. The fingerprint, captured by an external data acquisition system or another vehicle so equipped, provides a history of events related to the vehicle. The event recorder is preferably integrated on a smart card and housed in a tamper proof casing. In a first mode of operation, monitoring stations along the roadways periodically send an interrogation signal, such as when radar detects that the vehicle is speeding. Upon receiving the interrogation signal the smart card transmits the vehicle's signature information to the monitoring station where it is time and date stamped along with the speed of the vehicle. In a second mode of operation, when a sensor detects a sudden or violent acceleration or deceleration, such as occurs during a collision, a smart card mounted in each car will exchange signature information automatically. This is particularly useful when the collision occurs in a parking lot when one of the hit vehicles is typically unattended.

摘要翻译： 提供一种用于附着到车辆的电子事件记录器，其可以广播加密的签名和数据，从而在事故或交通违规的情况下留下“指纹”的电子版本。 由外部数据采集系统或其他如此装备的车辆捕获的指纹提供与车辆有关的事件的历史。 事件记录器优选地集成在智能卡上并且容纳在防篡改套管中。 在第一操作模式中，沿着道路的监控站周期性地发送询问信号，例如当雷达检测到车辆正在超速时。 在接收到询问信号时，智能卡将车辆的签名信息与车辆的速度一起发送到监视站，其中时间和日期被加盖。 在第二操作模式中，当传感器检测到诸如在碰撞期间发生的突然或剧烈的加速或减速时，安装在每个轿厢中的智能卡将自动交换签名信息。 当碰撞发生在停车场中时，当其中一个撞击车辆通常无人值守时，这是特别有用的。