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    Intelligent system for detecting errors and determining failure modes in noninvasive measurement of blood and tissue analytes
    1.
    发明授权
    Intelligent system for detecting errors and determining failure modes in noninvasive measurement of blood and tissue analytes 有权
    用于检测血液和组织分析物的非侵入性测量中的错误和确定失败模式的智能系统

    公开(公告)号：US06788965B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-09-07

    申请号：US10211478

    申请日：2002-08-01

    申请人： Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Christopher C. Briggs ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Alexander D. Lorenz ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Marcy Makarewicz

    发明人： Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Christopher C. Briggs ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Alexander D. Lorenz ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Marcy Makarewicz

    IPC分类号： A61B500

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1459 ,  A61B5/0064 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/01 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/14546 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/441 ,  A61B5/7264 ,  G01N21/274 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G06N3/004

    摘要： An intelligent system for detecting errors and determining failure modes operates on an absorbance spectrum of in vivo skin tissue. Application of the system results in improved prediction accuracy through rejection of invalid and poor samples. System components include a noninvasive blood glucose meter, such as a near IR spectrometer, an error detection system (EDS); a system for diagnosing and mitigating errors; and a reporting method. In the EDS, a pattern classification engine and hierarchy of levels analyzes, detects and diagnoses instrument, interface and sample errors manifested in the spectrum to determine suitability of an absorbance spectrum for blood glucose measurement. The final component of the system evaluates the error condition, diagnoses the specific mode of failure (if necessary) and reports actions to be taken. Sub-components and levels of the EDS can operate independently of the other system elements to the benefit of a noninvasive glucose measurement system.

    摘要翻译： 用于检测错误并确定故障模式的智能系统对体内皮肤组织的吸收光谱进行操作。 该系统的应用通过排除无效和差的样本提高了预测精度。 系统组件包括无创血糖仪，例如近红外光谱仪，误差检测系统（EDS）; 用于诊断和减轻错误的系统; 和报告方法。 在EDS中，模式分类引擎和级别层次分析，检测和诊断谱图中出现的仪器，界面和样本误差，以确定血糖测量的吸收光谱的适用性。 系统的最终组件评估错误状况，诊断具体的失败模式（如有必要）并报告要采取的操作。 EDS的子组件和级别可以独立于其他系统元件运行，以有益于非侵入性葡萄糖测量系统。

    Method and apparatus for control of skin perfusion for indirect glucose measurement
    2.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for control of skin perfusion for indirect glucose measurement 失效
    用于控制间接葡萄糖测量的皮肤灌注的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07509153B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-03-24

    申请号：US10384049

    申请日：2003-03-07

    申请人： Thomas B. Blank ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Marcy Makarewicz ,  Stephen L. Monfre ,  Alexander D. Lorenz

    发明人： Thomas B. Blank ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Marcy Makarewicz ,  Stephen L. Monfre ,  Alexander D. Lorenz

    IPC分类号： A61B5/1455

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1491 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  A61B2560/0223 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01N21/359 ,  G01N21/65 ,  G01N2021/3595

    摘要： A method and apparatus for noninvasive glucose measurement measures glucose indirectly from the natural response of tissue to variations in analyte concentration. The indirect measurement method utilizes factors affected by or correlated with the concentration of glucose, such as refractive index, electrolyte distribution or tissue scattering. Measurement reliability is greatly improved by stabilizing optical properties of the tissue at the measurement site, thus blood perfusion rates at the sample site are regulated. Perfusion is monitored and stabilized by spectroscopically measuring a control parameter, such as skin temperature, that directly affects perfusion. The control parameter is maintained in a range about a set point, thus stabilizing perfusion. Skin temperature is controlled using a variety of means, including the use of active heating and cooling elements, passive devices, such as thermal wraps, and through the use of a heated coupling medium having favorable heat transfer properties.

    摘要翻译： 用于非侵入性葡萄糖测量的方法和装置从组织的自然反应间接测量葡萄糖对分析物浓度的变化。 间接测量方法利用受葡萄糖浓度影响或与葡萄糖浓度相关的因素，如折射率，电解质分布或组织散射。 通过稳定测量部位的组织的光学特性，可以大大提高测量可靠性，从而调节样品位置的血液灌注速率。 通过光谱测量直接影响灌注的控制参数（如皮肤温度）来监测和稳定灌注。 控制参数保持在设定点的范围内，从而稳定灌注。 使用各种手段控制皮肤温度，包括使用主动加热和冷却元件，无源器件，例如热封，以及通过使用具有良好传热特性的加热耦合介质。

    Method and apparatus for minimizing spectral interference due to within and between sample variations during in-situ spectral sampling of tissue
    7.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for minimizing spectral interference due to within and between sample variations during in-situ spectral sampling of tissue 失效
    用于在组织的原位光谱采样期间最小化由于样品变化之内和之间的光谱干扰的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06839584B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-01-04

    申请号：US09954856

    申请日：2001-09-17

    申请人： Marcy Makarewicz ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  George Acosta ,  Edward Handy ,  William Hay ,  Timothy Stippick ,  Benjamin Richie

    发明人： Marcy Makarewicz ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  George Acosta ,  Edward Handy ,  William Hay ,  Timothy Stippick ,  Benjamin Richie

    IPC分类号： A61B20060101 ,  A61B5/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/061 ,  A61B5/1459 ,  A61B5/6824 ,  A61B2562/146

    摘要： An apparatus and method for reproducibly interfacing a living tissue sample to the measurement probe of a spectrometer instrument in-situ minimizes spectral interference related to sampling variations. A minimal contact subject interface includes supports replaceably mounted on a base. An optical coupling means, such as a fiber optic probe, contacts the measurement site through a probe aperture in the base. During use, a subject rests an extremity on the support elements, so that the extremity is reproducibly positioned and supported in relation to the optical coupling means. The supports have a small contact area, minimizing contact with the skin at the measurement site. The interface module is adjustable to fit any subject.By reproducibly positioning and supporting the body appendage using minimal contact supports, spectral interference due to variations in placement, applied pressure, and temperature transients secondary to contact with the interface module are greatly minimized.

    摘要翻译： 将生物组织样本可再现地将光谱仪器的测量探针接地的设备和方法原位最小化与采样变化相关的光谱干扰。 最小接触主体界面包括可替换地安装在基座上的支撑件。 诸如光纤探针的光学耦合装置通过基座中的探针孔接触测量部位。 在使用期间，被摄体将支撑元件的末端置于支撑元件上，使得末端相对于光耦合装置可再现地定位和支撑。 支架具有很小的接触面积，使测量点与皮肤接触最小化。 接口模块是可调整的，适合任何物体。通过使用最小的接触支持可重复地定位和支撑身体附件，由于与接口模块接触的位置变化，施加的压力和温度瞬变引起的频谱干扰大大降低。

    Method and apparatus for minimizing spectral effects attributable to tissue state variations during NIR-based non-invasive blood analyte determination
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for minimizing spectral effects attributable to tissue state variations during NIR-based non-invasive blood analyte determination 有权
    用于最小化归因于基于NIR的非侵入性血液分析物测定期间的组织状态变化的光谱效应的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US06640117B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-10-28

    申请号：US09955531

    申请日：2001-09-17

    申请人： Marcy R. Makarewicz ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Stephen L. Monfre ,  Timothy L. Ruchti

    发明人： Marcy R. Makarewicz ,  Mutua Mattu ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Stephen L. Monfre ,  Timothy L. Ruchti

    IPC分类号： A61B500

    CPC分类号： A61B5/1495 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1491

    摘要： A method and apparatus for minimizing confounding effects in a noninvasive in-vivo spectral measurement caused by fluctuations in tissue state monitors a selected tissue state parameter spectroscopically and maintains the selected parameter within a target range, at which spectral effects attributable to the changes in the selected parameter are minimized. The invention includes both active and passive control. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a method and apparatus for minimizing the confounding effects in near IR spectral measurements attributable to shifts in skin temperature at a tissue measurement site. Spectroscopic monitoring of skin temperature at the measurement site provides near-instantaneous temperature readings by eliminating thermal time constants. A thermistor positioned at the measurement site provides active control. The spectrometer and the temperature control device are incorporated into a single instrument for noninvasive measurement of blood glucose concentration.

    摘要翻译： 用于最小化由组织状态的波动引起的非侵入性体内光谱测量中的混杂效应的方法和装置通过光谱方式监测所选择的组织状态参数，并将所选择的参数保持在目标范围内，在该范围内，归因于所选择的变化的光谱效应 参数最小化。 本发明包括主动和被动控制。 本发明的一个优选实施例提供了一种方法和装置，用于最小化归因于组织测量部位的皮肤温度变化的近红外光谱测量中的混杂效应。 光谱监测测量点的皮肤温度通过消除热时间常数提供近乎瞬时的温度读数。 位于测量位置的热敏电阻提供主动控制。 光谱仪和温度控制装置被并入单个仪器中用于非侵入性测量血糖浓度。

    Method of processing noninvasive spectra
    9.
    发明授权
    Method of processing noninvasive spectra 有权
    无创光谱处理方法

    公开(公告)号：US07640140B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-12-29

    申请号：US11095331

    申请日：2005-03-30

    申请人： Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Alexander D. Lorenz

    发明人： Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Alexander D. Lorenz

    IPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  A61B5/00

    CPC分类号： A61B5/14532

    摘要： This invention provides a method and apparatus that corrects for tissue related interference calibration and/or measurement of biological parameters noninvasively. The invention concerns such terms as outlier identification, filtering, spectral correction, and baseline subtraction steps that, when used together, provides for noninvasive measurement of biological parameters, such as glucose concentration.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种非侵入性校正组织相关干扰校准和/或生物参数测量的方法和装置。 本发明涉及诸如异常值识别，过滤，光谱校正和基线减法步骤之类的术语，当它们一起使用时，提供诸如葡萄糖浓度的生物学参数的非侵入性测量。

    Measurement site dependent data preprocessing method for robust calibration and prediction
    10.
    发明授权
    Measurement site dependent data preprocessing method for robust calibration and prediction 失效

    公开(公告)号：US07010336B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-03-07

    申请号：US10384023

    申请日：2003-03-07

    申请人： Alexander D. Lorenz ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Kevin H. Hazen

    发明人： Alexander D. Lorenz ,  Timothy L. Ruchti ,  Thomas B. Blank ,  Kevin H. Hazen

    IPC分类号： A61B5/00

    CPC分类号： G01N21/359 ,  A61B5/0075 ,  A61B5/14532 ,  A61B5/1455 ,  A61B5/1495 ,  G01N21/49

    摘要： A solution for reducing interference in noninvasive spectroscopic measurements of tissue and blood analytes is provided. By applying a basis set representing various tissue components to a collected sample measurement, measurement interferences resulting from the heterogeneity of tissue, sampling site differences, patient-to-patient variation, physiological variation, and instrumental differences are reduced. Consequently, the transformed sample measurements are more suitable for developing calibrations that are robust with respect to sample-to-sample variation, variation through time, and instrument related differences. In the calibration phase, data associated with a particular tissue sample site is corrected using a selected subset of data within the same data set. This method reduces the complexity of the data and reduces the intra-subject, inter-subject, and inter-instrument variations by removing interference specific to the respective data subset. In the measurement phase, the basis set correction is applied using a minimal number of initial samples collected from the sample site(s) where future samples will be collected.