摘要:
An image forming apparatus using electrostatic images includes a state quantity detection device for detecting states which would exert some influence on the formation of images as quantities, a control quantity control device for controlling the operation of a process for forming images on an image bearing member, a rule storage device for relating the relation between the state quantities and the control quantity by a control device as a certain rule and storing it, and an inference device for inferring a control quantity to be determined from a set of state quantities on the basis of rules of the rule storage device. The picture image forming apparatus determines the operation quantity for the image bearing member of the process device on the basis of the calculated results of the inference device and forms an image.
摘要:
In a method of developing an electrostatic latent image formed on an image bearing member, wherein a developer carrying member carrying a layer of a developer is faced to the image bearing member and is supplied with an oscillating bias voltage to form an oscillating electric field in a developing zone, the improvement residing in: that a maximum Vu1max of a potential difference Vu1 between an image portion potential of the latent image and a potential of the developer carrying member in a transfer phase of the oscillating electric field, is larger than a maximum Vr1max of a potential difference Vr1 therebetween in a back-transfer phase thereof; that a maximum Vu2max of a potential difference Vu2 between a non-image portion potential of the latent image and a potential of the developer carrying member in the transfer phase of the oscillating electric field, is not less than a maximum Vr2max of a potential Vr2 therebetween in the back-transfer phase thereof; that integration Iu2, with time, of the potential difference Vu2 is not more than integration Ir2, with time, of the potential difference Vr2.
摘要:
A developing apparatus includes a guide member for guiding toner toward an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic image thereon, the guide member having a first end and a second end, a vibration generating device for applying an ultrasonic oscillation to the guide member proximate one of the first end and the second end of the guide member, and a vibration absorbing device for absorbing the ultrasonic oscillation in the guide member at the other one of the first end and the second end, wherein toner is conveyed on the guide member in a direction from the absorbing device to the vibration applying device. In one aspect, the toner is a magnetic toner, and a magnetic field is generated on the guide member at a position opposite a surface for guiding the toner.
摘要:
An ultrasonic oscillation is applied in the neighborhood of one end of a guide member for supporting and guiding a powder, so that a transverse proceeding wave is generated in the guide member. The powder moves from the other end of the guide member toward a position of the applied ultrasonic oscillation under the action of this proceeding wave.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a vinyl chloride resin latex for a thermal sublimation transfer image-receiving sheet, comprising a vinyl chloride homopolymer and an alkylbenzenesulfonate salt in an amount of more than 1 part by weight to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the vinyl chloride homopolymer; and a thermal sublimation transfer image-receiving sheet using the same.
摘要:
There is provided a pattern formed object having an electroluminescent layer coating. The pattern formed object comprising a substrate, partition walls provided on the substrate, and a coating stacked on the substrate in its part between the partition walls, wherein the partition walls have a sloped liquid non-repellent surface and have a section form that, at least in the lower part of the partition wall, as the distance from the substrate increases, the size of the partition wall in a direction parallel to the substrate decreases, and in the coating, the ratio of the maximum thickness (Tmax) to the minimum thickness (Tmin), Tmax/Tmin, is not more than 130% as measured in the coating in its part between the lower ends of the partition walls adjacent to each other.
摘要:
The object of the invention is to provide a highly reliable organic functional element such as an organic EL element or an organic semiconductor element exemplified by an organic TFT element which can be manufactured without requiring a vapor deposition process for forming an electrode on an organic material layer. Consequently, such an organic functional element can be large-sized easily and produced at lower cost. In addition, no damage is caused to the organic material layer during formation of the electrode, and the organic functional element is not affected by environmental changes. Also disclosed is a method for manufacturing such an organic functional element. To attain the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an organic functional element comprising at least a plurality of electrodes and an organic material layer which is characterized in that at least one of the electrodes is composed of a metal having a melting point not higher than a temperature that is higher by 30° C. than the glass transition temperature of the organic material layer.
摘要:
A method of designing a semiconductor device includes: calculating a design value of a noise parameter based on design specification of the semiconductor device. The noise parameter contributes to power-supply noise of the semiconductor device. The method further includes: setting the noise parameter variably within a predetermined range including the calculated design value; calculating amount of power-supply noise of the semiconductor device by using the set noise parameter; and generating a noise database indicating correspondence relationships between the noise parameter within the predetermined range and the calculated amount of power-supply noise.
摘要:
In an electrophotographic image recording apparatus apparatus including a photoconductive image bearing member, a charging apparatus for uniformly charging the image bearing member, an exposure apparatus for effecting an imagewise exposure on a surface of the image bearing member after charging thereby forming an electrostatic latent image, a development apparatus for adhering a toner onto the electrostatic latent image thereby forming a toner image, and a transfer member for transferring the formed toner image onto a final support member such as plain paper, in case of forming an image with a hyperchromic toner and a hypochromic toner of a substantially same hue, image formation is executed with a writing resolution for the hypochromic toner larger than a writing resolution for the hyperchromic toner. Thus drawbacks of streak generation by a screen used for the hypochromic toner and a difficulty in obtaining a photographic texture can be resolved.
摘要:
A chlorosulphonated ethylene-α-olefin copolymer having a chlorine content of 0.5-20% by weight and a glass transition temperature in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of −50° C. or lower and being crystalline. The chlorosulphonated ethylene-α-olefin copolymer is obtained by chlorinating a crystalline ethylene-α-olefin copolymer having a density of 890 kg/m3 or lower, obtained by copolymerizing α-olefin comprising a hydrocarbon having 4 or more carbon atoms, with ethylene, and then chlorosulphonating the chlorinated copolymer.
摘要翻译:含氯量为0.5〜20重量%的氯磺化乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物,差示扫描量热法(DSC)为-50℃以下的玻璃化转变温度为结晶。 氯磺化乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物是通过将包含具有4个碳原子的烃的α-烯烃共聚获得的,密度为890kg / m 3以下的结晶乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物, 或更多的碳原子,与乙烯,然后氯磺化氯化共聚物。