摘要:
The optical transmitter and receiver of the invention includes: a variable dispersion compensator that performs wavelength dispersion compensation on an optical signal of a differential M-phase modulation format input from a transmission path; an optical amplifier that compensates an optical loss in the variable dispersion compensator; a delay interferometer that delays and interference processes the optical signal output from the optical amplifier; and a photoelectric conversion circuit that photoelectric converts the output light from the delay interferometer to generate a demodulated electric signal. The output level of the optical amplifier is decreased at the time of start up to deteriorate the OSNR of the optical signal input to the photoelectric conversion circuit, to thereby realize a state in which an error occurs more easily, and then optimization control of the variable dispersion compensator and the delay interferometer is started. As a result optimization of the dispersion compensation amount and the phase control amount in the optical receiver corresponding to the differential M-phase modulation format can be performed in a short time.
摘要:
A transmitting unit of a transponder transmits a signal light having a wavelength which is set according to a control unit to a WDM unit. In this situation, when the wavelength of the signal light is adapted to a pass wavelength of an optical filter to which the signal light is inputted, the signal light is returned to a transmitting origin through a loopback path formed within the WDM unit, and then received by a receiving unit. The control unit determines the wavelength that has been setting in the transmitting unit when the signal light is received as a transmission wavelength to be used by the transponder.
摘要:
An optical signal, which is a low-speed signal superimposed on a high-speed phase modulated optical signal by intensity modulation, is used. In an optical receiver apparatus 40, a received signal is split, and one of the split signals is O/E converted and low frequency component alone is extracted via a filter 46. A clock is extracted from low-frequency component by CDR, and is compared with a preset frequency. Using the frequency difference obtained, dispersion compensation is performed with low accuracy. Next, the amount of phase control of the delay interferometer 21 is adjusted so that the amplitude of the electrical signal is maximized. An error rate is measured, and fine adjustment is performed to improve the error rate.
摘要:
An optical signal, which is a low-speed signal superimposed on a high-speed phase modulated optical signal by intensity modulation, is used. In an optical receiver apparatus 40, a received signal is split, and one of the split signals is O/E converted and low frequency component alone is extracted via a filter 46. A clock is extracted from low-frequency component by CDR, and is compared with a preset frequency. Using the frequency difference obtained, dispersion compensation is performed with low accuracy. Next, the amount of phase control of the delay interferometer 21 is adjusted so that the amplitude of the electrical signal is maximized. An error rate is measured, and fine adjustment is performed to improve the error rate.
摘要:
A transponder in a wavelength division multiplexing apparatus detects a wavelength of a leak light (received light) having one of plural wavelengths multiplexed or divided by a WDM unit, the leak light having been received from the WDM unit when the transponder is connected to the WDM unit; determines a transmission wavelength which is a wavelength of a light to be transmitted to the WDM unit on the basis of the wavelength of the received light; and sets to convert the wavelength of the light to be transmitted to the WDM unit into the transmission wavelength, and transmit the converted light.
摘要:
The optical transmitter and receiver of the invention includes: a variable dispersion compensator that performs wavelength dispersion compensation on an optical signal of a differential M-phase modulation format input from a transmission path; an optical amplifier that compensates an optical loss in the variable dispersion compensator; a delay interferometer that delays and interference processes the optical signal output from the optical amplifier; and a photoelectric conversion circuit that photoelectric converts the output light from the delay interferometer to generate a demodulated electric signal. The output level of the optical amplifier is decreased at the time of start up to deteriorate the OSNR of the optical signal input to the photoelectric conversion circuit, to thereby realize a state in which an error occurs more easily, and then optimization control of the variable dispersion compensator and the delay interferometer is started. As a result optimization of the dispersion compensation amount and the phase control amount in the optical receiver corresponding to the differential M-phase modulation format can be performed in a short time.
摘要:
A transponder in a wavelength division multiplexing apparatus detects a wavelength of a leak light (received light) having one of plural wavelengths multiplexed or divided by a WDM unit, the leak light having been received from the WDM unit when the transponder is connected to the WDM unit; determines a transmission wavelength which is a wavelength of a light to be transmitted to the WDM unit on the basis of the wavelength of the received light; and sets to convert the wavelength of the light to be transmitted to the WDM unit into the transmission wavelength, and transmit the converted light.
摘要:
Provided is an organic electroluminescence element containing a light transmissive base material laminated thereon a transparent electrode, a light emitting layer and a counter electrode in this order, wherein the light transmissive base material contains a light transmissive resin substrate (resin substrate B) provided with a hard coat layer on both surfaces of the light transmissive resin substrate, the hard coat layers containing metal oxide nano particles; and the transparent electrode is formed on one hard coat layer (H1); and a rugged structure is formed on one surface of the other hard coat layer (H2), the one surface being opposite to another surface of the other hard coat layer (H2) which is contacted with the light transmissive resin substrate (resin substrate B).
摘要:
A wavelength division multiplexing device comprises a detection unit to detect the low-frequency signal in the optical signal; and a control unit to control to make the dispersion compensator perform a compensation operation by determining that the optical signal is being input when a low-frequency signal is detected in the optical signal in the detection unit, and to control to stop a compensation operation of the dispersion compensator by determining that there is an input break of the optical signal when a low-frequency signal is not detected in the optical signal in the detection unit.
摘要:
It is an object to provide a technique to improve electric characteristics after a high-temperature treatment even when a high melting point metal barrier layer is not formed. A semiconductor device includes a gate electrode formed on a transparent insulation substrate, a semiconductor layer having a Si semiconductor active film and an ohmic low resistance Si film having an n-type conductivity, being formed in this order on the gate electrode with a gate insulation film interposed between the gate electrode and the semiconductor layer, and the source and drain electrodes directly connected to the semiconductor layer and containing at least aluminum (Al). At least nitrogen (N) is contained in a first region that is in the vicinity of an interface between a side surface of the SI semiconductor active film and the source and drain electrodes.