Abstract:
An improved isobutanol synthesis process is provided which proceeds through the formation of mixed alcohols from syngas. The two-step process avoids the slowest α-carbon addition reaction in the conventional one-step, direct isobutanol synthesis process. Once ethanol and propanol are produced in the first reaction zone, they can react with methanol and/or syngas in a second reaction zone to produce isobutanol through the fast β-carbon addition reaction in the presence of catalysts, resulting on significantly improved isobutanol productivity.
Abstract:
Processes and apparatus for making xylenes and phenol are described. Phenol and alkyl phenols are separated from coal derived liquid. The phenol is separated from the alkyl phenols. The alkyl phenols can be reacted with aromatics such as benzene and toluene to make xylenes. The xylenes and other aromatics are then separated from the phenol and alkyl phenols. Para-xylene is separated and recovered using a xylene separation process, and meta-xylene and ortho-xylene are optionally converted to para-xylene through an isomerization reaction.
Abstract:
Solvent absorption processes for separating components of an impure feed gas are disclosed. The processes involve two stages of gas purification. The acid gases including hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other sulfur compounds are simultaneously removed from the feed gas by contact with a physical solvent in two stages. The subject matter disclosed provide improved processes and apparatus to reduce the operating costs of the system.
Abstract:
A low pressure re-absorber is integrated with a sulfur-rich solvent flash drum or a sulfur-rich solvent stripping column in a solvent acid gas removal process that provides for sufficient sulfur concentration for the downstream sulfur recovery unit. In another aspect of the invention, carbon dioxide containing or carbon dioxide rich gas streams that are at a lower temperature relative to a lean solvent stream are used to cool those lean solvent streams and then optionally to cool other process streams, to save energy consumption.
Abstract:
Embodiments of a process for discharging amine byproducts formed in an amine-based solvent are provided. The process comprises the steps of contacting the amine-based solvent with flue gas comprising carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, NOx, SOx, or mixtures thereof to form a carbon dioxide-laden amine-based solvent that contains the amine byproducts. Carbon dioxide is separated from the carbon dioxide-laden amine-based solvent to form a carbon dioxide-depleted amine-based solvent. The amine byproducts from the carbon dioxide-depleted amine-based solvent are fed to an algae source.
Abstract:
A process for treatment of a natural gas stream, or other methane containing stream that passes through a guard bed for removal of mercury and hydrolysis of COS, followed by treatment with an absorbent unit containing an amine solvent for removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The gas is then dried by a molecular sieve bed. The regeneration gas for the molecular sieve adsorbent bed is chilled to remove liquid hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. The process is accomplished without the use of an absorbent unit to remove the sulfur compounds.
Abstract:
A process is provided for separation of light olefins and paraffins and particular for the separation of propylene and propane comprising sending at least one olefin/paraffin stream to a distillation column and a membrane unit to produce an olefin stream comprising at least 92 mol % olefin. In an embodiment of the invention where the membrane unit is placed downstream from the column which can produce propylene streams at polymer grade of over 99.5 mol % propylene.
Abstract:
A reboiler in fluid communication with a fractionator column in an offshore low temperature process removing carbon dioxide from natural gas has a vessel volume. A carbon steel tubing bundle is disposed within the vessel volume. Each tube in the bundle has an outer surface with a porous granular metal layer deposited thereon. The granular metal layer comprises a pore size distribution which promotes bubble nucleation during vaporization of a nearly pure liquid carbon dioxide stream.
Abstract:
A process for the removal of sulfur compounds from a feed stream. A first separation zone removes sulfur compounds and produces a partially cleaned stream. A first adsorption zone adsorbs the remaining organic sulfur compounds on a regenerable adsorbent a produces a treated gas stream. A portion of the treated gas stream may regenerate the adsorbent in the first adsorption zone by removing organic sulfur compounds. The organic sulfur compound rich stream can be passed to a non-regenerable adsorption zone. The non-regenerable adsorption zone will separate out the organic sulfur compounds and provide a re-treated gas stream which may be recycled to a portion of the process. The non-regenerable adsorption zone may include regenerable adsorbent, but the zone is not operated to regenerate the adsorbent while it is in the non-regenerable adsorption zone.
Abstract:
A process for treatment of a natural gas stream, or other methane containing stream that passes through a guard bed for removal of mercury and hydrolysis of COS, followed by treatment with an absorbent unit containing an amine solvent for removal of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The gas is then dried by a molecular sieve bed. The regeneration gas for the molecular sieve adsorbent bed is chilled to remove liquid hydrocarbons and sulfur compounds. The process is accomplished without the use of an absorbent unit to remove the sulfur compounds.