公开(公告)号：US20090109007A1

公开(公告)日：2009-04-30

申请号：US12232536

申请日：2008-09-18

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/01

CPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G09B21/003

摘要： An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (120). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (106), each of which is provided with an insulator (108). When the body member (120) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator (108) is formed between the conducting electrode (106) and the body member (120). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component (114) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes (106) or insulators (108).

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生对身体构件（120）的感觉感觉的装置。 该装置包括一个或多个导电电极（106），每个导电电极设有绝缘体（108）。 当主体部件（120）靠近导电电极时，绝缘体防止直流电流从导电电极流到主体部件。 绝缘体（108）之间的电容耦合形成在导电电极（106）和主体部件（120）之间。 导电电极由包括在10Hz和500Hz之间的频率范围内的低频分量（114）的电输入驱动。 电容耦合和电输入的尺寸被设计成产生电感觉。 该装置能够独立于一个或多个导电电极（106）或绝缘体（108）的任何机械振动产生电感觉。

公开(公告)号：US20090079550A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-26

申请号：US12232548

申请日：2008-09-18

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/041

CPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G09B21/003

摘要： An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (120). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (106), each of which is provided with an insulator (108). When the body member (120) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator (108) is formed between the conducting electrode (106) and the body member (120). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component (114) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes (106) or insulators (108).

公开(公告)号：US08570163B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-29

申请号：US13432329

申请日：2012-03-28

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G08B6/00

CPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G09B21/003

摘要： An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (120). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (106), each of which is provided with an insulator (108). When the body member (120) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator (108) is formed between the conducting electrode (106) and the body member (120). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component (114) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes (106) or insulators (108).

公开(公告)号：US09123258B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-01

申请号：US12993784

申请日：2009-05-19

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G06F3/01 ,  G06F3/0354 ,  G09B21/00 ,  H03K17/96

CPC分类号： G09B21/004 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G06F3/03547 ,  G06F2203/0339 ,  H03K17/962 ,  H03K17/9622

摘要： An interface apparatus (1600A) comprises a surface (1642) touchable by a finger (120). The surface has a touch-sensitive area with a predetermined position (1646), to which a function is assigned. The finger's presence at the predetermined position (1646) is detected. An electrosensory stimulus is generated to the finger by applying an alternating electrical drive to one or more electrodes (1662). Each electrode is provided with an insulator, which prevents DC flow from the electrode to the finger and a capacitive coupling over the insulator is formed between the electrode (1662) and the finger (120). The capacitive coupling and electrical drive are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation, independently of mechanical vibration of the electrode. The electrosensory stimulus is varied temporally based on the detected presence or absence of the of the finger (120) near the at least one touch-sensitive area having the predetermined position (1646).

摘要翻译： 接口装置（1600A）包括可由手指（120）触摸的表面（1642）。 表面具有具有指定功能的预定位置（1646）的触敏区域。 检测手指在预定位置（1646）的存在。 通过对一个或多个电极（1662）施加交替电驱动来对手指产生电感觉刺激。 每个电极设置有绝缘体，其防止DC从电极流到手指，并且在电极（1662）和手指（120）之间形成绝缘体上的电容耦合。 电容耦合和电驱动的尺寸被设计为产生电感觉，独立于电极的机械振动。 基于检测到在具有预定位置的至少一个触敏区域（1646）附近的手指（120）的存在或不存在，瞬时改变电感觉刺激。

公开(公告)号：US07982588B2

公开(公告)日：2011-07-19

申请号：US12232548

申请日：2008-09-18

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G08B6/00

CPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G09B21/003

摘要： An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (120). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (106), each of which is provided with an insulator (108). When the body member (120) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator (108) is formed between the conducting electrode (106) and the body member (120). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component (114) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes (106) or insulators (108).

公开(公告)号：US08174373B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US13171078

申请日：2011-06-28

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G08B6/00

CPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G09B21/003

摘要： An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (120). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (106), each of which is provided with an insulator (108). When the body member (120) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator (108) is formed between the conducting electrode (106) and the body member (120). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component (114) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes (106) or insulators (108).

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生对身体构件（120）的感觉感觉的装置。 该装置包括一个或多个导电电极（106），每个导电电极设有绝缘体（108）。 当主体部件（120）靠近导电电极时，绝缘体防止直流电流从导电电极流到主体部件。 绝缘体（108）之间的电容耦合形成在导电电极（106）和主体部件（120）之间。 导电电极由电输入驱动，该电输入包括在10Hz和500Hz之间的频率范围内的低频分量（114）。 电容耦合和电输入的尺寸被设计成产生电感觉。 该装置能够独立于一个或多个导电电极（106）或绝缘体（108）的任何机械振动产生电感觉。

公开(公告)号：US07924144B2

公开(公告)日：2011-04-12

申请号：US12232536

申请日：2008-09-18

申请人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Makinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G08B6/00

CPC分类号： G08B6/00 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G09B21/003

摘要： An apparatus for producing an electrosensory sensation to a body member (120). The apparatus comprises one or more conducting electrodes (106), each of which is provided with an insulator (108). When the body member (120) is proximate to the conducting electrode, the insulator prevents flow of direct current from the conducting electrode to the body member. A capacitive coupling over the insulator (108) is formed between the conducting electrode (106) and the body member (120). The conducting electrodes are driven by an electrical input which comprises a low-frequency component (114) in a frequency range between 10 Hz and 500 Hz. The capacitive coupling and electrical input are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation. The apparatus is capable of producing the electrosensory sensation independently of any mechanical vibration of the one or more conducting electrodes (106) or insulators (108).

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生对身体构件（120）的感觉感觉的装置。 该装置包括一个或多个导电电极（106），每个导电电极设有绝缘体（108）。 当主体部件（120）靠近导电电极时，绝缘体防止直流电流从导电电极流到主体部件。 绝缘体（108）之间的电容耦合形成在导电电极（106）和主体部件（120）之间。 导电电极由电输入驱动，该电输入包括在10Hz和500Hz之间的频率范围内的低频分量（114）。 电容耦合和电输入的尺寸被设计成产生电感觉。 该装置能够独立于一个或多个导电电极（106）或绝缘体（108）的任何机械振动产生电感觉。

公开(公告)号：US20110074733A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-31

申请号：US12993784

申请日：2009-05-19

申请人： Ville Mäkinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

发明人： Ville Mäkinen ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Jukka Linjama

IPC分类号： G06F3/045

CPC分类号： G09B21/004 ,  G06F3/016 ,  G06F3/03547 ,  G06F2203/0339 ,  H03K17/962 ,  H03K17/9622

摘要： An interface apparatus (1600A) comprises a surface (1642) touchable by a finger (120). The surface has a touch-sensitive area with a predetermined position (1646), to which a function is assigned. The finger's presence at the predetermined position (1646) is detected. An electrosensory stimulus is generated to the finger by applying an alternating electrical drive to one or more electrodes (1662). Each electrode is provided with an insulator, which prevents DC flow from the electrode to the finger and a capacitive coupling over the insulator is formed between the electrode (1662) and the finger (120). The capacitive coupling and electrical drive are dimensioned to produce an electrosensory sensation, independently of mechanical vibration of the electrode. The electrosensory stimulus is varied temporally based on the detected presence or absence of the of the finger (120) near the at least one touch-sensitive area having the predetermined position (1646).

摘要翻译： 接口装置（1600A）包括可由手指（120）触摸的表面（1642）。 表面具有具有指定功能的预定位置（1646）的触敏区域。 检测手指在预定位置（1646）的存在。 通过对一个或多个电极（1662）施加交替电驱动来对手指产生电感觉刺激。 每个电极设置有绝缘体，其防止DC从电极流到手指，并且在电极（1662）和手指（120）之间形成绝缘体上的电容耦合。 电容耦合和电驱动的尺寸被设计为产生电感觉，独立于电极的机械振动。 基于检测到在具有预定位置的至少一个触敏区域（1646）附近的手指（120）的存在或不存在，瞬时改变电感觉刺激。

公开(公告)号：US5882923A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US884176

申请日：1997-06-27

申请人： Hannu Sariola ,  Kirsi Sainio ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Urmas Arumae ,  Maria Lindahl ,  Mart Saarma

发明人： Hannu Sariola ,  Kirsi Sainio ,  Petro Suvanto ,  Urmas Arumae ,  Maria Lindahl ,  Mart Saarma

IPC分类号： A61K38/18 ,  C12N5/071 ,  C12N5/00 ,  C12N5/02 ,  C12N5/08

CPC分类号： C12N5/0686 ,  A61K38/185 ,  C12N2501/12 ,  C12N2501/13 ,  C12N2810/40

摘要： The effect of GDNF on kidney morphogenesis is disclosed. Methods for stimulating budding and branching of the ureteric epithelium, for stimulating axonal outgrowth, for maintaining ureteric epithelial cells in culture, for preventing apoptosis of ureteric epithelial cells, and for treating diseases using GDNF are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了GDNF对肾形态发生的影响。 还公开了用于刺激输尿管上皮的出芽和分支，用于刺激轴突生长，用于在培养物中维持输尿管上皮细胞，用于预防输尿管上皮细胞凋亡和用于使用GDNF治疗疾病的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06696259B1

公开(公告)日：2004-02-24

申请号：US08861990

申请日：1997-05-22

申请人： Carlos F. Ibanez ,  Miles Trupp ,  Mart Saarma ,  Hannu Sariola ,  Urmas Arumäe ,  Petro Suvanto

发明人： Carlos F. Ibanez ,  Miles Trupp ,  Mart Saarma ,  Hannu Sariola ,  Urmas Arumäe ,  Petro Suvanto

IPC分类号： G01N3368

CPC分类号： C07K14/71

摘要： Receptors for Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF), their cellular expression, isolation, biochemical characterization, and sequences are disclosed. c-RET is disclosed as one receptor for GDNF; additional novel receptors are also disclosed. The preparation of monoclonal antibodies directed against GDNF is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 公开了胶质细胞系衍生的神经营养因子（GDNF）的受体，其细胞表达，分离，生化表征和序列。 公开了c-RET作为GDNF的一种受体; 还公开了另外的新型受体。 还公开了针对GDNF的单克隆抗体的制备。