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公开(公告)号：US4766912A
公开(公告)日：1988-08-30
申请号：US106921
申请日：1987-10-06
CPC分类号： A24B5/16 , Y10S131/903
摘要： Fragments of tobacco ribs are puffed in an elongated tunnel which is vibrated to advance the particles from the inlet toward the outlet. The particles in the tunnel are contacted by streamlets of supersaturated or superheated steam at such temperature and pressure that the temperature of the particles is raised to between 100.5.degree. and 120.degree. C. To this end, steam is admitted at 2.5 to 25 bar absolute pressure and at a temperature of between 126.degree. and 400.degree. C. The thus heated particles of tobacco ribs are thereupon dried.
摘要翻译： 烟草肋条的碎片膨胀在细长的隧道中，其被振动以将颗粒从入口推向出口。 在这样的温度和压力下，隧道内的颗粒与过饱和或过热蒸汽的流接触，使得颗粒的温度升高到100.5和120℃之间。为此，允许蒸汽以2.5至25巴的绝对压力 并且在126℃至400℃之间的温度下，将如此加热的烟草颗粒随后干燥。
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公开(公告)号：US4586517A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-06
申请号：US512160
申请日：1983-07-08
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
CPC分类号： A24C5/343 , G01N3/40 , G01N2203/0019
摘要： A method of and an apparatus for ascertaining the filling power of tobacco which forms a continuously moving stream by subjecting spaced-apart portions of the stream to the deforming action of two rollers in such a way that the deforming action of the downstream roller exceeds the deforming action of the upstream roller. The extent of deformation of tobacco below the two rollers is ascertained by monitoring devices serving to generate signals for transmission to a dividing circuit which forms the quotient of such signals. The quotient is indicative of the filling power of tobacco. The signal at the output of the dividing circuit can be modified by taking into consideration the moisture content and/or the temperature of tobacco and/or by involution of such signal with an exponent ensuring that the signal denoting the filler power is furnished in units suitable for immediate use in a machine which increases and/or regulates the filling power of tobacco.
摘要翻译： 一种用于确定烟草的填充力的方法和装置，其通过使流的间隔部分对两个辊的变形作用使得下游辊的变形作用超过变形的方式形成连续移动的流 上游辊的作用。 通过用于产生信号的监测装置确定烟草在两个辊下方的变形程度，以传输到形成这种信号的商的分割电路。 商是烟草填充力的指示。 可以通过考虑烟草的水分含量和/或温度和/或通过使这种信号与指数的回归来修改分割电路的输出处的信号，确保表示填充力的信号以适合的单位提供 立即用于增加和/或调节烟草填充力的机器中。
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公开(公告)号：US4172515A
公开(公告)日：1979-10-30
申请号：US787556
申请日：1977-04-14
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
CPC分类号： B65D90/48 , A24B7/14 , Y10S131/909
摘要： The moving parts of a tobacco cutting machine and the conveyor or conveyors which transfer tobacco to the cutting machine are driven by a variable speed motor whose speed is regulated in dependency on the volume of tobacco in a duct from which the conveyor or conveyors draw or receive tobacco for transfer into the machine. The height of the pile of tobacco in the duct is monitored by photoelectric cells which transmit signals to a speed regulator for the motor so that the speed of the motor increases and decreases when the height of the pile respectively increases and decreases. The duct receives tobacco from a magazine. Fluctuations of the height of tobacco pile in the duct are due to variations in the rate of tobacco feed from the magazine and/or to changes in size, moisture content and/or temperature of tobacco which is being supplied to the duct. The magazine can supply tobacco to the ducts of two or more discrete cutting machines and the apparatus then includes a distributor which feeds tobacco to all ducts at an equal rate. The outlets of the ducts are sealable by gates which close in response to stoppage of the respective motors. The remaining duct or ducts then receive tobacco at a higher rate which, in turn, results in acceleration of the respective motor or motors.
摘要翻译： 烟草切割机的运动部件和将烟草转移到切割机器的输送机或输送机由变速马达驱动，变速马达的速度根据输送机或输送机从其中抽出或接收的管道中的烟草的体积来调节 烟草转移到机器。 管道中烟丝的高度由光电池监测，光电池将信号传输到马达的速度调节器，使得当桩的高度分别增加和减小时，马达的速度增加和减少。 管道从杂志收到烟草。 烟道在管道中的高度的波动是由于来自料仓的烟草进料速率的变化和/或正在供应给管道的烟草的尺寸，含水量和/或温度的变化引起的。 杂志可以向两个或更多个离散切割机的管道供应烟草，并且该设备然后包括分配器，其以相等的速率将烟草供给到所有管道。 管道的出口可以通过响应于各个电机的停止而闭合的门来密封。 剩余的管道或管道然后以更高的速率接收烟草，这又导致相应的电动机或电动机的加速。
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公开(公告)号：US4116203A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-26
申请号：US711704
申请日：1976-08-05
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
摘要： Shredded tobacco is blended with expanded tobacco on the foraminous bottom wall of an elongated vibratory conveyor which receives overlapping streams of shredded and expanded tobacco at one end of the bottom wall in such quantities that the ratio of shredded tobacco to expanded tobacco remains constant. Blowers are provided to supply compressed hot and cool air against the underside of the bottom wall whereby streamlets of air pass through the perforations of the bottom wall and travel across the particles of tobacco in the vibratory conveyor to convert such particles into a fluidized bed of substantially constant height which advances toward the other end of the bottom wall. The speed of streamlets is reduced above the fluidized bed to prevent the ascending streamlets from entraining appreciable quantities of particles from the bed. The particles which form the fluidized bed are intimately mixed with each other before they leave the conveyor. A nozzle is provided to sprinkle atomized casing or top flavor onto the fluidized bed above the bottom wall.
摘要翻译： 切碎的烟草与膨胀的烟草在细长的振动输送机的多孔底壁上混合，其在底壁的一端接收重叠的切碎和膨胀的烟草流，其量使得烟丝与膨胀烟草的比例保持不变。 提供鼓风机以将压缩的热和冷空气提供抵靠底壁的下侧，从而空气流通过底壁的穿孔，并穿过振动输送机中的烟草颗粒，将这些颗粒转化成基本上 恒定的高度朝着底壁的另一端前进。 流化床的流速降低到流化床以上，以防止上升的水流从床中吸入可观量的颗粒。 形成流化床的颗粒在离开输送机之前彼此紧密混合。 提供喷嘴以将雾化的壳体或顶部香料喷洒到底壁上方的流化床上。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5086279A
公开(公告)日：1992-02-04
申请号：US484934
申请日：1990-02-23
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski , Heiko Niehues
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski , Heiko Niehues
IPC分类号： A24B9/00 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/84 , G01N21/85 , G01N22/04
CPC分类号： G01N21/85 , A24B9/00 , G01N22/04 , G01N2021/845 , G01N21/3554 , G01N21/4738
摘要： A hygroscopic commodity, such as a continuous stream of shredded tobacco, is transported past one or more sources of electrical energy and past one or more monitoring devices. One of the sources can expose the stream to the electric field of a capacitor in a high frequency oscillator circuit, and the other source can expose the stream to infrared waves or microwaves. The moisture in the stream influences the phase and/or the damping of oscillations of the electrical energy, and the monitoring device of devices ascertain the changes of such characteristics of the electrical energy and transmit corresponding signals to a processing circuit which processes the signals into moisture signals. The processing circuit can generate first quotient signals which are indicative of phase shift and damping of oscillations of electrical energy which has penetrated the stream, and second quotient signals denoting the phase shift and damping of waves which are reflected by the stream, and such first and second quotient signals are or can be averaged for processing into moisture signals. The moisture signals are not dependent upon the chemical and/or biological properties and/or upon the composition of the monitored commodity.
摘要翻译： 吸湿商品，例如持续的烟丝流经一个或多个电能源并经过一个或多个监测装置。 其中一个源可以将流暴露在高频振荡器电路中的电容器的电场，而另一个源可以将流暴露于红外波或微波。 流中的水分影响电能的振荡的相位和/或阻尼，并且装置的监测装置确定电能的这种特性的变化并将相应的信号传输到将信号处理成湿气的处理电路 信号。 处理电路可以产生指示穿透流的电能的振荡的相移和阻尼的第一商信号，以及表示由流反射的波的相移和阻尼的第二商信号，以及第一和第 第二商信号是或可以被平均以用于处理成湿度信号。 水分信号不依赖于化学和/或生物学特性和/或所监测商品的组成。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4967739A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US364302
申请日：1989-06-09
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
CPC分类号： A24C5/34 , G05D27/02 , G01N2203/0076 , G01N9/24 , Y10S131/906
摘要： Cigarettes are produced by gathering shredded tobacco into a stream which is moved longitudinally and is draped into a web of cigarette paper to form a rod which is subdivided into cigarettes of desired length. In order to impart to the cigarettes predictable characteristics, particularly hardness, draw resistance, number of puffs per cigarette, nicotine content, carbon monoxide content and tar content, the operation of the trimming device which removes the surplus from the stream prior to draping is regulated as a function of third signals which are generated on the basis of first signals denoting the monitored density of the stream, second signals denoting the monitored or calculated filling power of tobacco, and a number of functional equations which denote predetermined regular relationships between the parameters denoted by the first and second signals and the aforementioned characteristics of cigarettes.
摘要翻译： 香烟是通过将切碎的烟草收集到纵向移动的流中并且卷起到卷烟纸的网中以形成被细分成所需长度的香烟的杆而产生的。 为了赋予香烟可预见的特性，特别是硬度，抗拉性，每支香烟的烟雾数，尼古丁含量，一氧化碳含量和焦油含量，调节在悬垂之前从流中除去剩余量的修整装置的操作被调节 作为基于表示流的监视密度的第一信号产生的第三信号的函数，表示烟草的监测或计算的填充功率的第二信号，以及表示所指示的参数之间的预定规则关系的多个函数方程 通过第一和第二信号以及香烟的上述特征。
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公开(公告)号：US4298012A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-03
申请号：US898337
申请日：1978-04-20
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
CPC分类号： A24B5/16
摘要： Tobacco ribs which are separated from laminae are contacted by steam at a temperature of approximately 150 degrees whereby the steam condenses on the surfaces of ribs and the thus released heat promotes the penetration of condensate into as well as gradual evaporation of initial moisture and condensate in the interior of ribs to thereby increase the specific volume of the ribs. The ribs are agitated during contact with and are caused to float in steam. Warm water is sprayed onto the ribs during contact with steam. The contact with steam prior to start of expansion takes up approximately one minute, and the ribs remain in contact with steam for another minute to effect expansion by evaporated moisture. The thus treated ribs are immediately rolled, severed and dried. The volume of ribs can be increased still further by contacting the severed ribs, prior to drying, with steam and water to bring about additional evaporation of moisture in the interior of severed ribs.
摘要翻译： 与薄层分离的烟草肋条在大约150度的温度下被蒸汽接触，由此蒸汽在肋表面上冷凝，从而释放出的热促进了冷凝物的渗透以及初始水分和冷凝物的逐渐蒸发 肋的内部，从而增加肋的比容。 肋条在接触期间被搅拌并且被蒸发成蒸汽。 在与蒸汽接触时，将温水喷洒到肋上。 在膨胀开始之前与蒸汽接触约1分钟，并且肋与蒸汽保持接触一分钟，以通过蒸发的水分进行膨胀。 这样处理过的肋骨立即卷起，切断并干燥。 肋骨的体积可以通过在干燥之前与蒸汽和水接触切断的肋以在切断的肋的内部带来额外的水分蒸发而进一步增加。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US3950698A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-13
申请号：US454239
申请日：1974-03-22
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
CPC分类号： G01N27/223 , A24B9/00
摘要： The arrangement determines the moisture content of tobacco, in either leaf- or comminuted form, tobacco substitutes, other smokers' products, filter materials, cigarette and cigar papers and wrappings, related and analogous fibrous and other materials, and the like. The material in question is supported by a supporting arrangement. First and second electrodes are connected to an A.C. voltage source to form a capacitor. The electrodes are so disposed that the electric field joining the electrodes travels through the material being supported. The moisture of the material is determined by determining the effect upon the capacitor of the moisture in the material being supported and penetrated by the electric field. An arrangement is provided for compressing the material in question while the material is actually being supported and penetrated by the electric field.
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公开(公告)号：US3948277A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-06
申请号：US389353
申请日：1973-08-17
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski , Hans Forster , Jurgen Koehn , Reinhard Hohm
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski , Hans Forster , Jurgen Koehn , Reinhard Hohm
CPC分类号： A24B3/04
摘要： The moisture content of a stream of tobacco leaves is increased during travel through a rotary drum wherein the leaves are contacted by and exchange heat and moisture with a current of hot humid air which flows concurrent with the leaves. The moisture content of air is regulated in dependency on deviations of the final moisture content of tobacco leaves from a desired final moisture content by varying the temperature of a shower of water droplets across which the air current passes on its way into the inlet end of the drum. The temperature of air is normally constant but is changed when the initial moisture content of tobacco leaves exceeds the desired final moisture content. Tobacco leaves entering the inlet end of the drum are subjected to a preliminary moisturizing action of steam and/or atomized water, and such moisturizing action can be varied in dependency on fluctuations of initial and/or final moisture content of tobacco and/or in dependency on fluctuations in the rate of tobacco delivery into the drum. The preliminary moisturizing action requires no adjustment if the steam of tobacco leaves is equalized upstream of the drum.
摘要翻译： 烟草流中的水分含量在通过旋转鼓的行进过程中增加，其中叶与叶和叶同时流动的潮湿空气流接触并交换热和湿气。 空气的水分含量根据烟草叶片的最终含水量与期望的最终含水量的偏差来调节，通过改变气泡淋浴的温度，气流在其进入其入口端的途中通过该温度 鼓。 空气的温度通常是恒定的，但是当烟叶的初始含水量超过所需的最终含水量时会改变。 进入滚筒入口端的烟草叶片受到蒸汽和/或雾化水的初步保湿作用，并且这种保湿作用可以根据烟草初始和/或最终水分含量的波动和/或依赖性而变化 关于烟草送入滚筒的速度的波动。 如果烟叶的蒸汽在鼓的上游平衡，则初步保湿作用不需要调整。
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公开(公告)号：US5063943A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-12
申请号：US525081
申请日：1990-05-17
申请人： Waldemar Wochnowski
发明人： Waldemar Wochnowski
CPC分类号： A24C5/1871 , Y10S131/906 , Y10S131/908
摘要： The ratio of different types of tobacco in a tobacco stream which is conveyed past a trimming device is monitored by monitoring the distance of the trimming plan from the conveyor for the stream while the mass flow of the stream is maintained at a constant value. Variations of the distance of the trimming plane from the conveyor are indicative of variations of the ratio of different tobaccos in the stream, and such variations are further indicative of fluctuations of filling power of tobacco which forms the stream.
摘要翻译： 通过在流的质量流量保持恒定值的同时监测修剪计划与流动输送机的距离，监测通过修整装置输送的烟草流中不同类型烟草的比例。 修剪平面与输送机的距离的变化指示流中不同烟草的比例的变化，并且这种变化进一步指示形成流的烟草的填充功率的波动。
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