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公开(公告)号：US06950215B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-27
申请号：US09904103
申请日：2001-07-11
申请人： Walt Fant , Roger J. Helkey , Tony Walter , Peter Hunt , David Welsh
发明人： Walt Fant , Roger J. Helkey , Tony Walter , Peter Hunt , David Welsh
CPC分类号： G02B6/3562
摘要： An optical switching apparatus is provided. Generally, a plurality of optical input switches is provided. A plurality of optical output switches is provided. A plurality of central optical switches connected between the plurality of input switches and plurality of output switches is provided. A plurality of test light sources, where each test light source is connected to an optical input switch, is provided. A first plurality of optical detectors connected to the optical output switches is provided.
摘要翻译： 提供一种光开关装置。 通常，提供多个光输入开关。 提供多个光输出开关。 连接在多个输入开关和多个输出开关之间的多个中央光学开关被提供。 提供了多个测试光源，其中每个测试光源连接到光输入开关。 提供连接到光输出开关的第一组多个光检测器。
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公开(公告)号：US06697547B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-24
申请号：US09855765
申请日：2001-05-14
申请人： Tony Walter , Dan Blumenthal , John E. Bowers , Peter Hunt , Roger J. Helkey , Xuezhe Zheng
发明人： Tony Walter , Dan Blumenthal , John E. Bowers , Peter Hunt , Roger J. Helkey , Xuezhe Zheng
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/3588 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3518 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/3594 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0049
摘要： A method for equalizing optical signal power in a group of optical signals transmitted through an optical switch in an optical transmission system. In one embodiment a group of optical signals is input into an optical switch having at least one movable mirror array with a plurality of reflectors formed thereon, the optical beam being directed onto a selected at least one reflector and wherein attenuating the optical beam is accomplished by controllably detuning at least one of the selected at least one reflector to attenuate the optical beam.
摘要翻译： 一种用于均衡通过光传输系统中的光开关传输的一组光信号中的光信号功率的方法。 在一个实施例中，一组光信号被输入到具有至少一个具有形成在其上的多个反射器的可移动反射镜阵列的光学开关中，光束被引导到所选择的至少一个反射器上，并且其中衰减光束由 可控制地使所选择的至少一个反射器中的至少一个失谐，以衰减光束。
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公开(公告)号：US07142744B2
公开(公告)日：2006-11-28
申请号：US11067030
申请日：2005-02-24
申请人： Tony Walter , Dan Blumenthal , John E. Bowers , Peter Hunt , Roger J. Helkey , Xuezhe Zheng
发明人： Tony Walter , Dan Blumenthal , John E. Bowers , Peter Hunt , Roger J. Helkey , Xuezhe Zheng
CPC分类号： G02B6/3588 , G02B6/266 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3518 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/356 , G02B6/3594 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/003 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0049
摘要： A method for equalizing optical signal power in a group of optical signals transmitted through an optical switch in an optical transmission system. In one embodiment a group of optical signals is input into an optical switch having at least one movable mirror array with a plurality of reflectors formed thereon, the optical beam being directed onto a selected at least one reflector and wherein attenuating the optical beam is accomplished by controllably detuning at least one of the selected at least one reflector to attenuate the optical beam.
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06819815B1
公开(公告)日：2004-11-16
申请号：US10015539
申请日：2001-12-12
申请人： Charles Corbalis , John E. Bowers , Shifu Yuan , David Welsh , Roger J. Helkey
发明人： Charles Corbalis , John E. Bowers , Shifu Yuan , David Welsh , Roger J. Helkey
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： G02B6/3588 , G02B6/3512 , G02B6/3556 , G02B6/3586 , G02B6/4246
摘要： An optical switch embodiment includes a switching array of arranged to accomplish switching of input light beams to any of a plurality of output channels and an array of beam monitoring elements for indirectly measuring and providing information used for adjusting output beams. The beam monitoring element further includes means for measuring the angular misalignment and the positional misalignment of a monitor beam and adjusting the reflectors based on monitor beam information such that optical beams are output from the switch having the desired optical characteristics, such as optimized power. Another optical switch embodiment includes an array of rhomboid prism assemblies positioned to receive the output beams from the switching array and such that the beams are split into substantially parallel working and monitor beams. Whereby the working beams pass into the plurality of output channels and the monitor beams pass into the plurality of beam monitoring elements where they are measured to provide information for adjusting the angular misalignment and the positional misalignment of the working beam.
摘要翻译： 光开关实施例包括一个开关阵列，其被设置成实现将输入光束切换到多个输出通道中的任一个的光束监视元件的阵列，用于间接测量和提供用于调整输出光束的信息。 光束监测元件还包括用于测量监视光束的角度偏移和位置偏移以及基于监视光束信息调整反射器的装置，使得光束从具有所需光学特性（例如优化功率）的开关输出。 另一光开关实施例包括一组菱形棱镜组件，其定位成接收来自开关阵列的输出光束，并且使得光束被分成基本上平行的工作和监视光束。 其中工作光束进入多个输出通道，监视光束进入多个光束监测元件，在那里它们被测量以提供用于调整工作光束的角度偏移和位置偏移的信息。
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公开(公告)号：US5955875A
公开(公告)日：1999-09-21
申请号：US792551
申请日：1997-01-31
CPC分类号： G11C13/047 , G02F2001/212
摘要： A linearized optical sampler is described. The optical sampler includes an electro-optic modulator having an optical signal input, an electrical signal input, and at least two optical signal outputs that generate at least two modulated optical signals. The optical sampler also includes at least two detectors each of which being optically coupled to a respective one of the at least two modulated optical signals. Each detector generates an electrical signal in response to an optical intensity of the respective one of the at least two modulated optical signals. The optical sampler also includes a signal processor electrically connected to each of the at least two detectors. The signal processor applies an inverse transform of the modulator transfer function. The signal processor also generates an electrical signal from the electrical signals generated by the detectors and from the inverse transform that is linearly related to an RF signal electrically that is coupled to the electrical signal input.
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6.发明授权Generation of high power optical pulses using flared mode-locked semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers 失效使用喇叭形锁模半导体激光器和光放大器生成高功率光脉冲
公开(公告)号：US5799024A
公开(公告)日：1998-08-25
申请号：US772129
申请日：1996-12-19
申请人： John E. Bowers , Alan Mar , Roger J. Helkey , Judy Karin
发明人： John E. Bowers , Alan Mar , Roger J. Helkey , Judy Karin
CPC分类号： H01S5/14 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/50 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/0601 , H01S5/0609 , H01S5/1064
摘要： The mode-locked laser with improved pulse power output can be realized by combining an optical oscillator with a flared CW or modulated gain amplifier. An optical filter or isolator may be disposed between the oscillator and amplifier to avoid feedback of spontaneous noise. A two-segment laser is devised by providing a flared gain section between a modulated gain section and an absorber section within the integrated semiconductor laser. The flared section may taper from a larger modulated gain section to a smaller cross section absorber section or vice versa. Various combinations of absorber sections coupled to modulated gain sections by CW gain or passive flared gain sections may be combined with various arrangements of reflectors and tapered CW gain amplifiers are cascades of such amplifiers and modulated gain pairs. A saturable absorber may be used in a two-segment laser in which the absorber is bleachable and has a characteristic temperature which is increased during short time periods so that a passive gain is realized by the return pulse traveling through the saturable absorber provided that the returning pulse is timed to coincide with the temporal gain realized in the absorber.
摘要翻译： 具有改善的脉冲功率输出的锁模激光器可以通过将光学振荡器与扩展的CW或调制增益放大器组合来实现。 滤光器或隔离器可以设置在振荡器和放大器之间以避免自发噪声的反馈。 通过在集成半导体激光器内的调制增益部分和吸收体部分之间提供扩张增益部分来设计双段激光器。 扩口部分可以从较大的调制增益部分逐渐变细到较小的横截面吸收体部分，反之亦然。 通过CW增益或被动扩张增益部分耦合到调制增益部分的吸收部分的各种组合可以与反射器的各种布置组合，并且锥形CW增益放大器是这种放大器和调制增益对的级联。 可饱和吸收器可以用在两段激光器中，其中吸收器是可漂白的并且具有在短时间段内增加的特征温度，使得通过可饱和吸收器行进的返回脉冲实现无源增益，只要返回 脉冲定时与吸收器中实现的时间增益一致。
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公开(公告)号：US5134407A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US683608
申请日：1991-04-10
摘要： A Global Positioning System (GPS) commercial receiver is provided with a digital processor that can utilize to advantage P-code modulated L1 and L2 satellite signals which have been modulated with an unknown security code. Integration of the L1 and L2 signals, after demodulation by locally generated carrier and P-code signals, is repetitively accomplished over a duration that is estimated to be the period of the modulation code. The C/A-code L1 signal, which is not modulated with the unknown security code, is also used in locking the locally generated carrier and P-code generators in phase with the received L1 and L2 satellite signals. An interpolative technique is used for adjusting the phase of the locally generated carriers and code in increments much smaller than the period clock sources. Those locked phases can then be utilized to determine position, distance, time, etc., as is done in GPS receivers not utilizing the anti-spoofed signals but with increased accuracy and resolution. A novel structure of the GPS receiver radio frequency and intermediate frequency sections, having a specific combination of demodulating frequencies, is also disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US5802084A
公开(公告)日：1998-09-01
申请号：US337985
申请日：1994-11-14
申请人： John E. Bowers , Alan Mar , Roger J. Helkey , Judy Karin
发明人： John E. Bowers , Alan Mar , Roger J. Helkey , Judy Karin
CPC分类号： H01S5/14 , H01S5/065 , H01S5/50 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/0601 , H01S5/0609 , H01S5/1064
摘要： The mode-locked laser with improved pulse power output can be realized by combining an optical oscillator with a flared CW or modulated gain amplifier. An optical filter or isolator may be disposed between the oscillator and amplifier to avoid feedback of spontaneous noise. A two-segment laser is devised by providing a flared gain section between a modulated gain section and an absorber section within the integrated semiconductor laser. The flared section may taper from a larger modulated gain section to a smaller cross section absorber section or vice versa. Various combinations of absorber sections coupled to modulated gain sections by CW gain or passive flared gain sections may be combined with various arrangements of reflectors and tapered CW gain amplifiers are cascades of such amplifiers and modulated gain pairs. A saturable absorber may be used in a two-segment laser in which the absorber is bleachable and has a characteristic temperature which is increased during short time periods so that a passive gain is realized by the return pulse traveling through the saturable absorber provided that the returning pulse is timed to coincide with the temporal gain realized in the absorber.
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公开(公告)号：US6028424A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-22
申请号：US286950
申请日：1999-04-06
CPC分类号： G11C13/047 , G02F2001/212
摘要： A linearized optical sampler is described. The optical sampler includes an electro-optic modulator having an optical signal input, an electrical signal input, and at least two optical signal outputs that generate at least two modulated optical signals. The optical sampler also includes at least two detectors each of which being optically coupled to a respective one of the at least two modulated optical signals. Each detector generates an electrical signal in response to an optical intensity of the respective one of the at least two modulated optical signals. The optical sampler also includes a signal processor electrically connected to each of the at least two detectors. The signal processor applies an inverse transform of the modulator transfer function. The signal processor also generates an electrical signal from the electrical signals generated by the detectors and from the inverse transform that is linearly related to an RF signal electrically that is coupled to the electrical signal input.
摘要翻译： 描述线性化光学取样器。 光采样器包括具有光信号输入，电信号输入和至少两个产生至少两个调制光信号的光信号输出的电光调制器。 光采样器还包括至少两个检测器，每个检测器光耦合到至少两个调制光信号中的相应一个。 每个检测器响应于至少两个调制光信号中的相应一个的光强度而产生电信号。 光采样器还包括电连接到至少两个检测器中的每一个的信号处理器。 信号处理器应用调制器传递函数的逆变换。 信号处理器还从由检测器产生的电信号以及与电耦合到电信号输入的RF信号线性相关的逆变换产生电信号。
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公开(公告)号：US5293170A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-08
申请号：US864461
申请日：1992-04-06
摘要： A Global Positioning System (GPS) commercial receiver is provided with a digital processor that can utilize to advantage P-code modulated L1 and L2 satellite signals which have been modulated with an unknown security code. Integration of the L1 and L2 signals, after demodulation by locally generated carrier and P-code signals, is repetitively accomplished over a duration that is estimated to be the period of the modulation code. The C/A-code L1 signal, which is not modulated with the unknown security code, is also used in locking the locally generated carrier and P-code generators in phase with the received L1 and L2 satellite signals. A interpolative technique is used for adjusting the phase of the locally generated carriers and code in increments much smaller than the period clock sources. Those locked phases can then be utilized to determine position, distance, time, etc., as is done in GPS receivers not utilizing the anti-spoofed signals but with increased accuracy and resolution. A novel structure of the GPS receiver radio frequency and intermediate frequency sections, having a specific combination of demodulating frequencies, is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 全球定位系统（GPS）商业接收机具有数字处理器，可以利用已经用未知安全码调制的P码调制的L1和L2卫星信号。 在被估计为调制码的周期的持续时间内，L1和L2信号在本地产生的载波和P码信号的解调之后的集成被重复地实现。 未用未知安全码调制的C / A码L1信号也用于锁定本地生成的载波和P码发生器与所接收的L1和L2卫星信号同相。 内插技术用于以比周期时钟源小得多的增量来调整本地产生的载波和码的相位。 然后可以利用这些锁定相位来确定位置，距离，时间等，如在不使用反欺骗信号但具有提高的精度和分辨率的GPS接收机中所做的那样。 还公开了具有解调频率的特定组合的GPS接收机射频和中频部分的新颖结构。
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