公开(公告)号：US06563992B1

公开(公告)日：2003-05-13

申请号：US09347479

申请日：1999-07-02

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G02B604

CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0218 ,  G01N21/4738 ,  G01N21/474 ,  G01N2021/475 ,  G02B6/262 ,  G02B6/2848 ,  G02B6/3818

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiber-optic coupled diffuse reflectance probe that is adapted to detachably connect to a bifurcated fiber bundle. The probe includes a solid light guide for separating the bundle from the target within a small-diameter probe body. A probe of this construction is especially useful for analyzing high temperature and high pressure targets, through relatively small fittings, as is required in polymer extrusion applications. The solid light guide may extend along all or along a lesser portion of the probe body's length. Its fiber-end may be coupled directly to the illumination and detector fibers or indirectly, and at some distance from the fibers, by way of a lens or a hollow light guide. Its target-end may be exposed to terminate in a direct face-to-face relationship with the target, or it may be located behind an intermediate window. The solid light guide is characterized by a target-end refracting surface that minimizes stray light. In particular, such surface is designed to ensure that light internally reflected from that surface with bounce back to the detector fiber at angles that are outside of the detector fiber's field of view. The preferred surface is a beveled plane, but other flat and nonflat surfaces are possible. The target-end refracting surface also tends to ensure that reflections from the window surfaces, if present, are returned to the detector fiber at angles outside of its field of view. The window itself may be canted too to help ensure that rays which are unusually divergent due to imperfections are still returned to the the detector fiber at angles outside of its field of view.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种适于可分离地连接到分叉纤维束的光纤耦合漫反射探头。 探针包括用于在小直径探针体内将束与靶分离的固体光导。 这种结构的探针通过相对较小的配件，如聚合物挤出应用中所需要的，用于分析高温和高压目标特别有用。 固体光导可以沿着探头主体的长度的全部或沿着较小部分延伸。 其光纤端可以直接耦合到照明和检测器光纤，或者通过透镜或中空光引导件间接地，并且与纤维在一定距离处。 其目标端可能暴露于与目标的直接面对面关系终止，或者它可能位于中间窗后。 固体光导的特征在于使杂散光最小化的目标端折射表面。 特别地，这种表面设计成确保从该表面内部反射的光以检测器光纤的视场外的角度反射回检测器光纤。 优选的表面是斜面，但是其他平坦和非平坦表面也是可能的。 目标端折射表面也倾向于确保来自窗表面的反射（如果存在）在其视场外的角度返回到检测器光纤。 窗口本身也可以是倾斜的，以帮助确保由于缺陷而异常发散的射线仍然以其视野外的角度返回到检测器光纤。

公开(公告)号：US5421194A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-06

申请号：US662933

申请日：1991-03-01

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle ,  Norman A. Jennings

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle ,  Norman A. Jennings

IPC: G01N1/40 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N33/18 ,  G01N11/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/1826 ,  G01N1/40 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G01N33/0047 ,  G01N2001/4066 ,  G01N21/3504

Abstract: A sparging-infrared liquid analyzing system having a vessel in which a gas stream makes a single pass through a liquid stream containing contaminants, in order to provide vapor-to-liquid equilibrium of contaminants in the gas stream. The gas stream is then passed through a condenser, in which the gas temperature is precisely controlled, and the gas is cooled to a point below the dew point of water vapor in the gas stream. The gas is then flowed into a gas cell for infrared analysis. Water vapor effects are removed from the analytical output. Also, the effects of excessive depletion of relatively insoluble contaminants are removed from the analytical output.

Abstract translation: 一种具有容器的喷射红外液体分析系统，其中气流使单一流过含有污染物的液体流，以便提供气流中污染物的气 - 液平衡。 然后将气流通过冷凝器，其中气体温度被精确控制，并且气体被冷却到低于气流中水蒸气露点的点。 然后将气体流入气室进行红外分析。 水分影响从分析输出中移除。 此外，从分析产物中除去相对不溶性污染物的过度耗尽的影响。

公开(公告)号：US5054920A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-08

申请号：US424150

申请日：1989-10-10

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N21/05 ,  G01N21/55

CPC classification number: G01N21/552 ,  G01N21/05

Abstract: An ATR sample cell is disclosed, of the type incorporating a circular internal reflectance crystal. A flowing liquid sample has input and output ports in the IRE housing, or cell, which are offset from the axis of the circular IRE (or rod) sufficiently to direct the flow of liquid against the internal wall (usually stainless steel) of the flow jacket, rather than against the IRE. This tends to create a helical flow path from the input port at one end of the housing to the output port at the other end of the housing. In order to further control the sample flow path, and augment the spiraling effect, two further improvements are disclosed. The structure through which the sample material enters the sample chamber surrounding the IRE is designed to establish a spiraling motion of the liquid flow before it enters the sample chamber. Also, the inner cylindrical wall of the metal housing has a groove which forms a helical path from the input to the output end.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种包含圆形内反射晶体的ATR样品池。 流动的液体样品在IRE壳体或电池中具有输入和输出端口，其从圆形IRE（或杆）的轴线偏置，足以将液体流动引导到流动的内壁（通常是不锈钢） 夹克，而不是针对IRE。 这倾向于产生从壳体的一端处的输入端口到壳体另一端处的输出端口的螺旋流动路径。 为了进一步控制样品流路并增加螺旋效应，公开了两个进一步的改进。 样品进入围绕IRE的样品室的结构被设计成在液体流进入样品室之前建立螺旋运动。 此外，金属外壳的内圆柱形壁具有形成从输入端到输出端的螺旋路径的凹槽。

公开(公告)号：US5015100A

公开(公告)日：1991-05-14

申请号：US487633

申请日：1990-03-02

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G02B27/10

CPC classification number: G02B27/143 ,  G01N21/55 ,  G01N2021/3595

Abstract: An external reflectance spectroscopy apparatus and method are disclosed in which maximum radiation througput is obtained by using a beamsplitter which reflects half of a collimated beam and transmits the other half. In order to obtain reliable results, the condition of perpendicular incidence on the sample is approximated (without limiting throughput) by providing a beamsplitter having an uneven number of reflecting blades and the same number of transmitting openings. Each reflecting blade is opposite to an open area having the same size and shape. The result is a substantial equalizing of contributions from rays polarized parallel to the plane of incidence and from rays polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种外部反射光谱装置和方法，其中通过使用反射准直光束的一半并传送另一半的分束器来获得最大辐射通量。 为了获得可靠的结果，通过提供具有不均匀数量的反射片和相同数量的透射开口的分束器，近似垂直入射到样品上的状态（不限制生产量）。 每个反射叶片与具有相同尺寸和形状的开放区域相对。 结果是平行于入射平面偏振的射线和垂直于入射平面偏振的射线的贡献的显着均衡。

公开(公告)号：US4988195A

公开(公告)日：1991-01-29

申请号：US312130

申请日：1989-02-17

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N21/27 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/55

CPC classification number: G01N21/552

Abstract: An apparatus and method for fluid sample analysis are disclosed which use a cylindrical internal reflectance element (IRE) having conical end surfaces. The divergence of rays inside the IRE is minimized by using reflecting cones at each end of the IRE, the structural elements and their dimensions being such that each entering ray strikes the conical IRE end surface at substantially the same angle of incidence. Means are included for providing optical stops at the large end of both the input and output reflecting cones, in order to eliminate any rays which might travel through the IRE without first being reflected by the input cone. Using such stops and properly dimensioning the entering diameter of the reflecting cone, result in a system in which each ray entering the IRE has been reflected once, and only once, by the reflecting cone.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于流体样品分析的装置和方法，其使用具有锥形端面的圆柱形内反射元件（IRE）。 通过在IRE的每个端部处使用反射锥来最小化IRE内的射线发散，结构元件及其尺寸使得每个进入的射线以基本上相同的入射角射入锥形IRE端表面。 包括用于在输入和输出反射锥体的大端处提供光学停止件的装置，以便消除可能在不首先被输入锥体反射的情况下穿过IRE的任何光线。 使用这种止动件并适当地确定反射锥体的进入直径，导致其中进入IRE的每个射线已经被反射锥体反射一次且仅一次的系统。

公开(公告)号：US4764676A

公开(公告)日：1988-08-16

申请号：US921212

申请日：1986-10-20

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N21/03 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N30/02 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N30/84 ,  G01N30/95 ,  G01J3/42

CPC classification number: G01N21/35 ,  G01N2021/0314 ,  G01N2021/3595 ,  G01N2030/743 ,  G01N2030/8417 ,  G01N21/8422 ,  G01N30/02

Abstract: An apparatus for spectral analysis of chemical fractions is disclosed in which separate samples are frozen on a substrate, and infrared radiation passes through the sample either before or after it is reflected from a surface on the other side of the substrate from the sample. This permits radiation to move toward and away from the sample at the same side of the sample, thus simplifying the sample-cooling and sample-deposition techniques. The optical system is designed to defocus (and thus avoid detection of) unwanted radiation reflected by the sample.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于化学分数的光谱分析的装置，其中单独的样品在基底上冷冻，并且红外辐射在从样品的另一侧的表面反射之前或之后通过样品。 这允许辐射在样品的同一侧朝向和远离样品移动，从而简化了样品冷却和样品沉积技术。 光学系统被设计成散焦（并因此避免检测）由样品反射的不需要的辐射。

公开(公告)号：US5818996A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-06

申请号：US784823

申请日：1997-01-17

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G02B6/04 ,  G02B6/24

CPC classification number: G02B6/241 ,  G02B6/04

Abstract: The invention relates to a fiber-optic coupled diffuse reflectance probe that is adapted to detachably connect to a bifurcated fiber bundle. The probe includes one or more lenses for imaging the bundle onto a target with more space between the bundle and the target than otherwise possible. The collecting lens adjacent to the bundle preferably has a reflection stop which diverts reflected light away from the bundle to minimize the problem of stray light. The preferred probe also uses an objective lens to increase the distance between the bundle and the target. The rays emerging from the collecting lens will diverge or spread because of the finite diameter of the transmitting fibers in the bundle. Accordingly, the preferred probe also has a lightguide between the collecting lens and the objective lens to remedy such divergence and, just as significantly, to uniquely spread the various rays from a particular transmitting fiber so that they form a first ring on the target, the several points of the first ring being reimaged onto the fiber bundle as a second ring that covers a plurality of receiving fibers rather than only the original transmitting fiber. The radius of the second ring corresponds to the distance between the original transmitting fiber and the system axis so that the image will be spread about the ring but the system still remains in effective focus. The preferred probe is contained in an elongated housing with a protective window at a far end of the housing. The preferred probe further includes a spacer which varies the position of the protective window relative to the objective lens so that the beam may be selectively focused at the window for contact analysis or beyond the protective window for spaced analysis.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种适于可分离地连接到分叉纤维束的光纤耦合漫反射探头。 探头包括一个或多个镜头，用于将束成像到目标上，在束和目标之间具有比其他可能的更大的空间。 与束相邻的收集透镜优选地具有反射停止件，其将反射光从束分离，以最小化杂散光的问题。 优选的探针还使用物镜来增加束与靶之间的距离。 由于集束透镜中的发射光纤的直径有限，从收集透镜出射的光线会发散或扩散。 因此，优选的探针还在收集透镜和物镜之间具有光导以补救这种发散，并且同样显着地，从特定发射光纤唯一地扩展各种光线，使得它们在目标上形成第一环， 第一环的几个点被重新成型到纤维束上，作为覆盖多个接收纤维而不仅仅是原始发送光纤的第二环。 第二环的半径对应于原始发射光纤和系统轴之间的距离，使得图像将围绕环扩散，但是系统仍然保持有效对焦。 优选的探针包含在具有在壳体的远端的保护窗的细长壳体中。 优选的探针还包括间隔件，其改变保护窗相对于物镜的位置，使得光束可以选择性地聚焦在用于接触分析的窗口处或者用于间隔分析的保护窗口之外。

公开(公告)号：US5773825A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US697439

申请日：1996-08-23

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N21/55 ,  G01N21/01

CPC classification number: G01N21/552

Abstract: A sensing apparatus for spectral analysis in which the sensing head is bi-layered. The layer contacting the sample is formed of corrosion-resistant material, e.g., diamond. It is engaged by a supporting layer formed of infrared transparent material, e.g., zinc selenide through which radiation passes on its way to and from the sample-contacting layer. In order to avoid non-linearity in the sample absorbance results, incoming paraxial rays are all reflected in such a way that they are reflected at the same angle, and the same number of times, from the sample contacting surface of the corrosion resistant layer. The incoming rays may be reflected at a conical surface, or at a flat rooftop-like surface. The exiting rays are preferably reflected so that they are parallel to the incoming rays. Where a conical reflecting surface is used, it may be a surface of the zinc selenide layer, or a highly reflective surface provided by another element. In order to insure that each ray is reflected the same number of times at the sample, certain relationships are maintained between the width dimension of the return reflection surface (i.e., the reflection surface which causes rays to return to the sample after a previous reflection) and the thickness dimension between the return reflection surface and the sample.

Abstract translation: 用于光谱分析的感测装置，其中感测头是双层的。 与样品接触的层由耐腐蚀材料例如金刚石形成。 其由红外透明材料（例如硒化锌）形成的支撑层接合，辐射在其途中通过和穿过样品接触层。 为了避免样品吸光度结果的非线性，入射的近轴光线全部被反射，使得它们以与耐腐蚀层的样品接触表面相同的角度和相同的次数被反射。 进入的光线可以在圆锥形表面或平坦的屋顶状表面反射。 退出的光线优选地被反射，使得它们平行于入射光线。 在使用圆锥形反射表面的情况下，其可以是硒化锌层的表面或由另一元件提供的高反射表面。 为了确保每个射线在样品处反射相同次数，在返回反射表面的宽度尺寸（即，在先前反射之后导致光线返回到样品的反射表面）之间保持一定的关系， 以及返回反射表面和样品之间的厚度尺寸。

公开(公告)号：US5566086A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-15

申请号：US390801

申请日：1995-02-13

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N1/40 ,  G01N15/06 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/06 ,  G01N21/3577 ,  G01N2001/4066 ,  G01N2021/3595

Abstract: A method is for expanding the solute-identifying capabilities of an infrared (IR) sparging system. In IR-sparging, bubbles transfer solutes contained in a volume of liquid to a gas stream which is analyzed in a gas cell. FTIR spectrometry provides spectral absorbance analysis to identify and measure the solutes. By repeating the spectral scans at given time intervals, data is also obtained which is related to the depletion rate curves of the respective solutes. Using this depletion rate data to complement the spectral analysis data provides major benefits in successfully identifying the solutes.

Abstract translation: 一种用于扩展红外（IR）喷射系统的溶质识别能力的方法。 在IR喷射中，气泡将包含在一定体积液体中的溶质转移到在气室中分析的气流。 FTIR光谱法提供光谱吸收分析来鉴定和测量溶质。 通过以给定的时间间隔重复光谱扫描，也获得与各溶质的耗尽率曲线相关的数据。 使用这种耗尽率数据来补充光谱分析数据为成功识别溶质提供了重要的好处。

公开(公告)号：US5418615A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-23

申请号：US201792

申请日：1994-02-25

Applicant: Walter M. Doyle

Inventor： Walter M. Doyle

IPC: G01N21/85 ,  G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/59

CPC classification number: G01N21/8507

Abstract: A probe for liquid sample analysis is disclosed which causes radiation to pass through the sample at a gap formed in the probe housing. A single radiation transmission is used to avoid problems of radiation back scatter and sample reliability. Windows are provided on opposite sand and and and and and and ides of the gap to accommodate the shape of the beam in the gap, which may either be collimated, or focused in the gap. A retroreflector may be used to reverse the radiation direction in the probe. The light to and from the probe is preferably transmitted by optical fiber cables. Within the probe, light guides other than optical fibers may be used.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于液体样品分析的探针，其使得辐射以形成在探针壳体中的间隙通过样品。 使用单个辐射传输来避免辐射背散射和样品可靠性的问题。 窗口设置在间隙的相对的砂体上和/或并且上，以适应间隙中的梁的形状，其可以被准直或聚焦在间隙中。 可以使用回射器来反转探针中的辐射方向。 来往于探针的光优选地通过光纤电缆传输。 在探针内，可以使用除光纤之外的导光体。