Method of producing brown cigarette wrapper paper
    1.
    发明授权
    Method of producing brown cigarette wrapper paper 失效
    生产棕色香烟包装纸的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5284166A

    公开(公告)日:1994-02-08

    申请号:US957968

    申请日:1992-10-07

    IPC分类号: A24D1/02 D21H21/28

    CPC分类号: D21H21/28 A24D1/02

    摘要: There is disclosed a method of coloring cigarette paper. Cigarette paper is made by forming a furnish, adding at least one colorant to the furnish, forming a sheet of paper from the thus treated furnish, and adding at least one colorant to the paper to produce a variety of tans/browns and red-brown cigarette wrapper.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种着色卷烟纸的方法。 香烟纸是通过形成配料制成的,向配料中加入至少一种着色剂,从这样处理的配料中形成一张纸,并向纸中加入至少一种着色剂,以产生各种各样的丹麦/棕色和红棕色 香烟包装

    Method of thermally-stabilizing an oxygen transport membrane-based reforming system

    公开(公告)号:US10118823B2

    公开(公告)日:2018-11-06

    申请号:US14969486

    申请日:2015-12-15

    IPC分类号: C01B3/38 C01B13/02

    摘要: A method of operating an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system employing one or more packs of thermally coupled panels of reformer tubes and oxygen transport membrane (“OTM”) reactors close to thermo-neutral point is provided. The method produces syngas by converting a hydrocarbon-containing feed, such as natural gas in the reformer tubes of a pack by endothermic steam reforming reactions. The heat required for endothermic reforming reactions is provided by exothermic oxidizing reactions occurring inside the OTM reactors of the pack. At a thermo-neutral point the heat released by exothermic reactions matches the heat required to support endothermic reactions and heat losses in the pack. The method modulates the flow rate of hydrocarbon-containing feed and/or steam-to-carbon ratio of the combined feed to the pack to maintain the surface temperature of oxygen transport membrane reactors below a target maximum temperature. The syngas product oxygen-to-carbon ratio is maintained within a desired target range such that the OTM based reforming system is operated close to thermo-neutral point.

    Solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly and method for fueling
    7.
    发明授权
    Solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly and method for fueling 有权
    固体氧化物燃料电池堆组件及其加油方法

    公开(公告)号:US07901820B2

    公开(公告)日:2011-03-08

    申请号:US12080589

    申请日:2008-04-04

    IPC分类号: H01M8/06

    摘要: A method for fueling a solid oxide fuel cell stack is provided. The method includes passing a first portion of hydrocarbon fuel through a catalytic hydrocarbon reformer to generate a first reformate. The first reformate is passed through a hydrocarbon cracker to generate a second reformate such that a portion of any non-reformed hydrocarbon fuel in the first reformate is converted to methane. The second reformate is supplied to the fuel cell stack.

    摘要翻译: 提供了一种用于燃料固体氧化物燃料电池堆的方法。 该方法包括使第一部分烃燃料通过催化烃重整器以产生第一重整产物。 第一重整产物通过烃裂化器以产生第二重整产物,使得第一重整产物中的任何未重整的烃燃料的一部分转化为甲烷。 将第二重整产物供应到燃料电池堆。

    Flexible, high-efficiency fuel reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell system
    9.
    发明申请
    Flexible, high-efficiency fuel reforming in a solid oxide fuel cell system 有权
    在固体氧化物燃料电池系统中灵活,高效的燃料重整

    公开(公告)号:US20080187799A1

    公开(公告)日:2008-08-07

    申请号:US12080589

    申请日:2008-04-04

    IPC分类号: H01M8/06

    摘要: An SOFC stack system including a reformer and fuel flow arrangement permitting optimized fuel reforming at all power load levels between 0% and 100%. A portion of the anode tail gas is combined with fresh air and fuel. The mixture is sent to a main reformer configured for endothermic reforming. Reformate is sent through a hydrocarbon cracker that breaks any hydrocarbons in the reformate into methane before the reformate enters the stack. At 100% load, there is no reforming in the main reformer; all of the fuel is internally reformed within the stack. At 0% load, all of the fuel is reformed in the main reformer. At loads between 0% and 100%, reforming is a mixture of endothermic reforming in the main reformer and internal reforming of methane within the stack. This strategy allows highest fuel processing efficiencies available through the full range of stack operation.

    摘要翻译: 包括重整器和燃料流布置的SOFC堆叠系​​统允许在0%和100%之间的所有功率负载水平下进行优化的燃料重整。 一部分阳极尾气与新鲜空气和燃料相结合。 将混合物送入配置用于吸热重整的主重整器。 重整物通过烃裂化装置发送,在重整产品进入堆料之前,将重整产物中的任何烃类破坏成甲烷。 在100%负载下,主改质器不进行改性; 所有的燃料都在内部进行改造。 在0%负荷下,所有的燃料都在主要的改性剂中进行了改造。 在0%至100%的负载下,重整是主重整器中的吸热重整和堆内甲烷的内部重整的混合物。 该策略允许通过全套堆栈操作提供最高的燃油处理效率。