摘要:
A solid proton exchange membrane and a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) for use in fabricating an inexpensive and efficient proton exchange fuel cell (PEFC) which enables direct use of an organic fuel without a reformer and use of hydrogen gas. In particular, an electrochemical cell including a solid electrolyte membrane made of one or plural kinds of layered silicate minerals or intercalation compounds. The layered silicate minerals can be easily fabricated into a solid electrolyte membrane which shows a “molecular sieve effect” on the target fuel if the density and impregnated liquid contents are properly controlled. The catalyst can be selected from a wide range of candidate materials. The use of the layered silicate mineral allows to fabricate an inexpensive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and a realistic direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC). Furthermore, an energy-efficient PEFC using hydrogen gas can also be produced therefrom.
摘要:
When a transmission-line driver circuit that transmits a signal to a transmission line is supplied with a power-supply voltage from a power-supply circuit, the value of the power-supply voltage is controlled based upon the amplitude of a signal output from the transmission-line driver circuit. For example, the maximum value of a signal input to the transmission-line driver circuit in time units delimited at fixed time periods is detected, the target value of power-supply voltage supplied to the transmission-line driver circuit is decided based upon the maximum value, and the power-supply circuit is controlled in such a manner that the target value of power-supply voltage and actual value of power-supply voltage will agree.