摘要:
A photoelectric conversion element including a dye-sensitized solar cell is provided. The photoelectric conversion element may include an electrode having a titanium oxide layer containing spindle-shaped particles of titanium oxide of anatase type. A process for manufacturing the photoelectric conversion device is also provided. The process may include steps of providing a transparent conductive layer, forming a titanium oxide layer containing particles of peroxo-modified titanium oxide of anatase type adjacent to the transparent conductive layer, and baking the titanium oxide layer. Forming the titanium oxide layer may include forming a porous titanium oxide layer and dipping the porous titanium oxide layer in a dispersion containing particles of peroxo-modified titanium oxide of anatase type to the porous titanium oxide layer. Alternatively, forming the titanium oxide layer may include applying a titanium oxide paste containing particles of peroxo-modified titanium oxide of anatase type to the transparent conductive layer.
摘要:
Provided are a counter electrode, which is excellent in electrolytic solution resistance and electrical conductivity, and which is capable of corresponding to an application process carried out by pattern printing during a manufacturing process, a photoelectric conversion element using the counter electrode, and a method for manufacturing the same. A dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion element has a structure in which an electrolyte layer is filled between a porous electrode to which a photosensitizing dye is adsorbed and a counter electrode. The counter electrode includes: a metal counter electrode; a conductive primer layer that contains conductive carbon, and at least one resin selected among a polyamide imide resin, a polyamide resin, and polyimide resin as a binder resin; and a catalyst layer containing conductive carbon and an inorganic binder. The metal counter electrode and the catalyst layer are formed to come into close contact with each other through the conductive primer layer.
摘要:
A liquid jetting apparatus includes: a head unit including a liquid jetting head, a regulating member arranged to sandwich the head unit from a nozzle array direction, a restriction mechanism configured to restrict the head unit from displacement in an orthogonal direction perpendicular to the nozzle array direction, and a landing position correction mechanism configured to correct position of landing the liquid jetted from the plurality of nozzles onto the medium in the orthogonal direction. The restriction mechanism restricts a portion of the head unit inside of outmost nozzle arrays in the orthogonal direction.
摘要:
A liquid ejection apparatus including: a head having: nozzles arranged in a nozzle-row direction; and ejection-energy applying portions; a drive IC for driving the ejection-energy applying portions; a control circuit board for controlling the drive IC; a wiring member on which the drive IC is mounted; and a support member for supporting the wiring member. The wiring member extends toward the control circuit board from a connection portion thereof connected to the ejection-energy applying portions, the wiring member having a first wiring portion extending in a first direction intersecting the nozzle-row direction and a second wiring portion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The support member supports at least one of the first wiring portion and the second wiring portion, the at least one being located between the ejection-energy applying portions and the control circuit board.
摘要:
An apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine that can estimate a quantity of heat generated is provided.An arithmetic processing unit 20 can calculate PVκ variable according to a crank angle θ and dPVκ/dθ as a rate of change in PVκ. For convenience' sake, a “crank angle at which dPVκ/dθ is a maximum while PVκ is increasing” is to mean a “crank angle at a combustion proportion of 50%” and be referred to also as “θCA50”. PVκ calculated for θCA50 is to be referred to also as “PVκCA50”. In addition, for convenience' sake, a difference between PVκ (which is zero in the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) and PVκCA50 at a start of combustion is also referred to as ΔPVκCA50. A total quantity of heat generated Q is assumed to be twice as much as a value of ΔPVκCA50.
摘要:
Disclosed is a control device, which controls an air-fuel ratio sensor that is mounted in an exhaust path of an internal-combustion engine. The air-fuel ratio sensor is capable of pumping oxygen in a gas. Normally (time t0-t1, time t3 or later), a positive voltage Vp1 is applied to a sensor element (FIG. 7A), and the air-fuel ratio is calculated (FIG. 7C) in accordance with a sensor current (FIG. 7B). A heater is driven after internal-combustion engine startup to heat the sensor element. In a process in which the sensor element temperature rises, a negative voltage Vm, which is oriented in a direction different from that of the positive voltage Vp1, is applied to the sensor element.
摘要:
A liquid jetting apparatus includes: a plurality of liquid jet heads each of which has a nozzle surface in which a plurality of nozzles are formed to align in one direction, a retention member which retains the plurality of liquid jet heads in a state of being arranged along one plane, a transport mechanism which transports a medium in a transport direction along the one plane, and a displacement mechanism which displaces the retention member in a specified direction toward one side along a direction intersecting the nozzle surfaces by curving the retention member or rotating the same in a rotation direction when the retention member extends due to temperature change on the one plane in an intersectant direction intersecting the transport direction.
摘要:
An object of this invention is to provide a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which makes it possible to reliably avoid an abnormal increase in in-cylinder pressure due to pre-ignition. The control apparatus of this invention controls an internal combustion engine including an injector that directly injects fuel into a cylinder. The control apparatus includes pre-ignition detection means that executes an operation to detect pre-ignition until a time of a crank angle θA, and injection instruction means that, at a time of a crank angle θB that is before the crank angle θA, sends to the injector an injection instruction to perform fuel injection that suppresses pre-ignition combustion. Preferably, the control apparatus includes energization stopping means that, when the pre-ignition detection means does not detect pre-ignition until the time of the crank angle θA, stops energization of the injector that is started by the injection instruction.
摘要:
There is provided a recording apparatus including: a head jetting liquid droplets from nozzles; and a controller controlling the head to perform a recording jetting-operation for jetting the liquid droplets toward a recording medium from the nozzles at each of drive periods, and a flushing operation for performing maintenance on the nozzles by jetting the liquid droplets from the nozzles prior to the recording jetting-operation. The controller controls the head so that with respect to each of the nozzles, a total liquid discharge amount in the flushing operation becomes less in a case of jetting a liquid droplet at a first drive period in the recording jetting-operation, in comparison with a case of not jetting the liquid droplet at the first drive period.
摘要:
A liquid ejection apparatus including: a head having: nozzles arranged in a nozzle-row direction; and ejection-energy applying portions; a drive IC for driving the ejection-energy applying portions; a control circuit board for controlling the drive IC; a wiring member on which the drive IC is mounted; and a support member for supporting the wiring member. The wiring member extends toward the control circuit board from a connection portion thereof connected to the ejection-energy applying portions, the wiring member having a first wiring portion extending in a first direction intersecting the nozzle-row direction and a second wiring portion extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. The support member supports at least one of the first wiring portion and the second wiring portion, the at least one being located between the ejection-energy applying portions and the control circuit board.