摘要:
An ammonia-producing system comprises a reactor that catalytically converts nitrogen and hydrogen feed gases to ammonia to form a reaction mixture of the ammonia, unreacted nitrogen gas, and unreacted hydrogen gas. A feed system feeds the nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the reactor at a reaction pressure of from about 9 to about 100 atmospheres. A reactor control system controls the temperature during conversion of the nitrogen and hydrogen to ammonia by maintaining a reaction temperature of from about 330° C. to about 550° C. An absorbent selectively absorbs at least a portion of the ammonia from the reaction mixture, and an absorbent control system controls one or both of a temperature and pressure at the absorbent during selective absorption of the ammonia from the reaction mixture. A recycle line downstream of the absorbent recycles the unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen to the reactor.
摘要:
Methods and systems for making ammonia are provided. The method can include converting carbon monoxide in a first syngas to carbon dioxide to produce a shifted syngas. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide can be separated from the shifted syngas to produce a carbon dioxide-lean syngas. Carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-lean syngas can be converted to methane to produce a methanated first syngas. A second syngas can be separated to produce a purified second syngas and a waste gas. The methanated first syngas and the purified second syngas can be combined to produce an ammonia feedstock. The ammonia feedstock can have a hydrogen to nitrogen molar ratio of about 3.5:1 to about 2.5:1. At least a portion of the hydrogen and nitrogen in the ammonia feedstock can be reacted to produce an ammonia product.
摘要:
Methods and systems for making ammonia are provided. The method can include heating a first compressed syngas to produce a heated first syngas. The heated first syngas and a second compressed syngas can be combined to produce a combined syngas. The combined syngas can be reacted within a first ammonia converter and a second ammonia converter to produce an ammonia product. Heat from the ammonia product can be transferred to a first heat transfer medium to produce a first cooled product and a second heat transfer medium. Heat from the first cooled product can be transferred to a third heat transfer medium to produce a second cooled product. Heat from the second cooled product can be transferred to the combined syngas to produce a third cooled product. The third cooled product can be separated to produce a purified ammonia product and a recycle gas.
摘要:
Methods and systems for making ammonia are provided. The method can include converting carbon monoxide in a first syngas to carbon dioxide to produce a shifted syngas. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide can be separated from the shifted syngas to produce a carbon dioxide-lean syngas. Carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-lean syngas can be converted to methane to produce a methanated first syngas. A second syngas can be separated to produce a purified second syngas and a waste gas. The methanated first syngas and the purified second syngas can be combined to produce an ammonia feedstock. The ammonia feedstock can have a hydrogen to nitrogen molar ratio of about 3.5:1 to about 2.5:1. At least a portion of the hydrogen and nitrogen in the ammonia feedstock can be reacted to produce an ammonia product.
摘要:
A system and method for advancing an implant into a surgical incision. The implant is placed into a compression sleeve. The compression sleeve has a first open end, a second open end, a first stage of a first length, and a second stage of a second length. The cross-sectional profile of the first stage is larger than the cross-sectional profile of the second stage. The implant is inserted into the first stage of the compression sleeve through the open first end. The compression sleeve is compressed to advance the pliable prosthetic implant at least partially into the second stage of the compression sleeve. The open second end of the compression sleeve is directed into a surgical incision. The compression sleeve is further compressed to advance the pliable prosthetic implant through the second stage, through the open second end, and into the surgical incision.
摘要:
Systems and methods for producing ammonia. The system can include a first ammonia converter, a second ammonia converter, a product separator, and an ammonia recovery unit. The first ammonia converter can be adapted to react a syngas to produce a first ammonia product and a first purge gas. The second ammonia converter can be in fluid communication with the first ammonia converter and can be adapted to react the first purge gas to produce an effluent. The product separator can be in fluid communication with the second ammonia converter and can be adapted to separate the effluent to produce a second ammonia product and a second purge gas. The ammonia recovery unit can be in fluid communication with the product separator and can be adapted to separate at least a portion of the second purge gas to produce a third ammonia product and a third purge gas.
摘要:
A system for producing ammonia comprises a reactor configured for receiving nitrogen feed gas and hydrogen feed gas, the reactor comprising a catalyst configured to convert at least a portion of the nitrogen gas and at least a portion of the hydrogen feed gas to ammonia to form a reactant mixture comprising the ammonia and unreacted nitrogen feed gas and unreacted hydrogen feed gas, an adsorbent configured to selective adsorb at least a portion of the ammonia from the reactant mixture, and a recycle line to recycle the unreacted nitrogen feed gas, the unreacted hydrogen feed gas, and unabsorbed ammonia to the reactor.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a catalytic process for the synthesis of ammonia in an ammonia synthesis reactor wherein a dilute ammonia stream is withdrawn from the reactor and subjected to a treatment step to concentrate ammonia adsorbed (or extracted) from said dilute ammonia stream. Specifically, the invention is an improvement in the ammonia concentration treatment step. This improvement includes passing the dilute ammonia stream from the reactor into an adsorber in which is housed particulate adsorbent effective in adsorbing ammonia from the dilute ammonia stream passed through the adsorber. Desirably, adsorber conditions include a pressure close to those prevailing in the dilute ammonia stream withdrawn from the reactor with the temperature being as low as that of the feed to the reactor. Next, an effluent stream diminished in ammonia content is withdrawn from the adsorber. Finally, enriched ammonia is recovered from the adsorber. Such ammonia recovery from the adsorber may include a rinse step in which enriched ammonia is admitted to the adsorber while withdrawing unadsorbed feed from the interstices of the adsorber, conventional blowdown where ammonia is desorbed, a low pressure purge with recycled dilute ammonia stream, and re-pressurization of the adsorbent bed with additional recycled dilute ammonia stream so that the adsorber is in condition for reuse in the adsorbing step of the process. Desirably, multiple adsorbers operating in parallel are envisioned for use with the reactor in a continuous process.
摘要:
A system and method for producing ammonia at high conversion rates. The system having a fluidized bed reactor with a fluidized zone with catalyst particles. The fluidized bed reactor is preferably configured to receive a continuous flow of solid sorbent particles, nitrogen, and hydrogen, with the catalyst particles being at least ten times larger than the sorbent particles. The method allows for the nitrogen and hydrogen react on a surface of the catalyst in order to generate ammonia that is adsorbed by the sorbent particles. The method extracts the adsorbed ammonia from the sorbent particles with a sorbent regenerator to product a pure ammonia product.