公开(公告)号：US5793092A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-11

申请号：US532321

申请日：1995-09-22

申请人： Hanns-Ulrich Habermeier ,  Gerold Jager-Waldau ,  Bernd Leibold ,  Najeh Jisrawi

发明人： Hanns-Ulrich Habermeier ,  Gerold Jager-Waldau ,  Bernd Leibold ,  Najeh Jisrawi

IPC分类号： G01J5/12 ,  C01G1/00 ,  C01G3/00 ,  C04B35/45 ,  G01J5/14 ,  H01L35/14 ,  H01L35/22 ,  H01L35/32 ,  H01L31/0264 ,  H01L31/058

CPC分类号： H01L35/225 ,  C04B35/4508 ,  G01J5/046 ,  G01J5/12

摘要： A thermoelectric radiation detector having a substrate (1) and a film (2) of solid state material having thermal anisotropy and containing YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7, formed on the surface of the substrate, and wherein said film has CuO.sub.2 planes (3) inclined with respect to the substrate plane, the improvement wherein at least a portion of the Y is replaced by another rare earth metal and/or at least a portion of the Ba and/or of the Cu is replaced by at least one other heavy metal at least in partial areas of the film and in a sufficient amount to increase the thermal anisotropy of the detector.

摘要翻译： 一种具有基板（1）和形成在基板表面上的具有热各向异性并含有YBa2Cu3O7的固体材料膜（2）的热电辐射检测器，其中所述膜具有相对于所述基板的倾斜的CuO 2平面（3） 衬底平面，其中Y的至少一部分被另一稀土金属替代和/或至少部分Ba和/或Cu被至少一种其它重金属替代至少部分区域 并且以足够的量增加检测器的热各向异性。

公开(公告)号：US06779347B2

公开(公告)日：2004-08-24

申请号：US10145460

申请日：2002-05-13

申请人： Yan R. Kucherov ,  Peter L. Hagelstein

发明人： Yan R. Kucherov ,  Peter L. Hagelstein

IPC分类号： F25B2100

CPC分类号： H01L35/325 ,  F25B21/02 ,  F25B2321/003 ,  H01L35/225

摘要： Solid state thermioninc refrigerators with elements having at least one barrier segment connected to wire-equivalent segments. The barrier segment has solid state regions that establish a potential energy barrier to electric carriers. This barrier is such that the circulation of a negative electrical charge from one of such regions to another region experiences an increasing potential energy. Elements can be superconducting or nonsuperconducting. Elements can also include an inverse barrier.

摘要翻译： 具有元件的固态热电偶制冷器具有至少一个阻挡段连接到电线等效段。 阻挡段具有固态区域，为电载体建立势垒。 这种障碍使得负电荷从这些区域之一循环到另一区域经历增加的势能。 元素可以是超导或非超导。 元素还可以包括反向屏障。

公开(公告)号：US20030033818A1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-20

申请号：US10145460

申请日：2002-05-13

发明人： Yan R. Kucherov ,  Peter L. Hagelstein

IPC分类号： F25B021/00 ,  F25B021/02 ,  H01L035/28 ,  F25B001/00

CPC分类号： H01L35/325 ,  F25B21/02 ,  F25B2321/003 ,  H01L35/225

摘要： Solid state thermioninc refrigerators with elements having at least one barrier segment connected to wire-equivalent segments. The barrier segment has solid state regions that establish a potential energy barrier to electric carriers. This barrier is such that the circulation of a negative electrical charge from one of such regions to another region experiences an increasing potential energy. Elements can be superconducting or nonsuperconducting. Elements can also include an inverse barrier.

摘要翻译： 具有元件的固态热电偶制冷器具有至少一个阻挡段连接到电线等效段。 阻挡段具有固态区域，为电载体建立势垒。 这种障碍使得负电荷从这些区域之一循环到另一区域经历增加的势能。 元素可以是超导或非超导。 元素还可以包括反向屏障。

公开(公告)号：US20030022795A1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-30

申请号：US10022011

申请日：2002-06-06

发明人： Judy Wu ,  Shaolin Yan ,  Yiyuan Xie

IPC分类号： H01B001/00

CPC分类号： H01L35/34 ,  H01L35/225 ,  H01L39/126 ,  H01L39/2422 ,  H01L39/2451

摘要： Improved Hg-containing superconducting films and thermoelectric materials are provided. The films are fabricated by annealing starting T1-containing films (e.g., T1-1212 or T1-2212) in an Hg-vapor environment so as to cause a substitution of T1 by Hg without substantial alteration of the crystalline structure of the starting films. Preferably, a body comprising a substrate having an epitaxial T1-containing film thereon is annealed under vacuum conditions with a Hg-based bulk; typical annealing conditions are 600-900null C. for a period of from about 1-20 hours. The final Hg-containing film products have a Jc of at least about 106 A/cm2 (100 K, OT) and a Xmin of up to about 50%. The thermoelectric materials are prepared by perturbing a crystalline precursor having a structure similar to the final material so as to cause a first molecule to be released from the precursor. A vapor is introduced into the reaction system simultaneous to or shortly after the perturbation step so as to cause molecules which are within the vapor and are different than the first molecules to replace the first molecules in the precursor.

摘要翻译： 提供了改进的含Hg超导膜和热电材料。 通过在Hg-蒸气环境中退火起始含T1的膜（例如，T1-1212或T1-2212）来制造膜，以便引起T 1被Hg取代，而基本上不改变起始膜的晶体结构。 优选地，包括其上具有外延含Ti膜的基体的主体在真空条件下以Hg-基体积退火; 典型的退火条件为600-900℃，时间为约1-20小时。 最终的含汞膜产品的Jc为至少约106A / cm2（100K，OT），Xmin高达约50％。 通过扰乱具有与最终材料相似的结构的结晶前体来制备热电材料，以使第一分子从前体释放。 在扰动步骤之后或不久之后，将蒸汽引入反应体系中，以使得在蒸气中并且不同于第一分子的分子代替前体中的第一分子。

公开(公告)号：US06459031B1

公开(公告)日：2002-10-01

申请号：US09500659

申请日：2000-02-08

申请人： Stylianos Panaghe ,  Arsen Hakhoumian

发明人： Stylianos Panaghe ,  Arsen Hakhoumian

IPC分类号： H01L3512

CPC分类号： H01L35/225

摘要： A composition is disclosed having the formula: (RBa2Cu3O7−&dgr;)x+(PrBa2Cu3O7−&dgr;)1−x wherein: R comprises Y, Ce, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and/or Lu; 0

摘要翻译： 公开了具有下式的组成：（RBa2Cu3O7-δ）x +（PrBa2Cu3O7-δ）1-x其中：R包括Y，Ce，Nd，Pm，Sm，Eu，Gd，Tb，Dy，Ho，Er， Yb，和/或Lu; 0

公开(公告)号：US06395685B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09843964

申请日：2001-04-27

申请人： Judy Wu ,  Shao Lin Yan ,  Yiyuan Xie

发明人： Judy Wu ,  Shao Lin Yan ,  Yiyuan Xie

IPC分类号： C04B35622

CPC分类号： H01L35/34 ,  H01L35/225 ,  H01L39/126 ,  H01L39/2422 ,  H01L39/2451

摘要： Improved Hg-containing superconducting films and thermoelectric materials are provided. The films are fabricated by annealing starting Tl-containing films (e.g., Tl-1212 or Tl-2212) in an Hg-vapor environment so as to cause a substitution of Tl by Hg without substantial alteration of the crystalline structure of the starting films. Preferably, a body comprising a substrate having an epitaxial Tl-containing film thereon is annealed under vacuum conditions with a Hg-based bulk; typical annealing conditions are 600-900° C. for a period of from about 1-20 hours. The final Hg-containing film products have a Jc of at least about 106 A/cm2 (100 K, OT) and a Xmin of up to about 50%. The thermoelectric materials are prepared by perturbing a crystalline precursor having a structure similar to the final material so as to cause a first molecule to be released from the precursor. A vapor is introduced into the reaction system simultaneous to or shortly after the perturbation step so as to cause molecules which are within the vapor and are different than the first molecules to replace the first molecules in the precursor.

摘要翻译： 提供了改进的含Hg超导膜和热电材料。 通过在Hg-蒸气环境中退火起始含T1的膜（例如，T1-1212或T1-1222）来制造膜，以便通过Hg代替Tl，而基本上不改变起始膜的结晶结构。 优选地，包括其上具有含外延层的膜的基体的主体在真空条件下与Hg基体积退火; 典型的退火条件为600-900℃，时间为约1-20小时。 最终的含汞膜产品的Jc为至少约106A / cm2（100K，OT），Xmin高达约50％。 通过扰乱具有与最终材料相似的结构的结晶前体来制备热电材料，以使第一分子从前体释放。 在扰动步骤之后或不久之后，将蒸汽引入反应体系中，以使得在蒸气中并且不同于第一分子的分子代替前体中的第一分子。

公开(公告)号：US5747418A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-05

申请号：US732945

申请日：1996-10-17

申请人： John D. Metzger ,  Mohamed S. El-Genk

发明人： John D. Metzger ,  Mohamed S. El-Genk

IPC分类号： H01L35/22 ,  H01L39/06 ,  H01L35/04 ,  H01L35/14 ,  H01L39/22

CPC分类号： H01L35/225 ,  Y10S505/701 ,  Y10S505/875 ,  Y10S505/876 ,  Y10S505/891

摘要： An apparatus and method for producing electricity from heat. The present invention is a thermoelectric generator that uses materials with substantially no electrical resistance, often called superconductors, to efficiently convert heat into electrical energy without resistive losses. Preferably, an array of superconducting elements is encased within a second material with a high thermal conductivity. The second material is preferably a semiconductor. Alternatively, the superconducting material can be doped on a base semiconducting material, or the superconducting material and the semiconducting material can exist as alternating, interleaved layers of waferlike materials. A temperature gradient imposed across the boundary of the two materials establishes an electrical potential related to the magnitude of the temperature gradient. The superconducting material carries the resulting electrical current at zero resistivity, thereby eliminating resistive losses. The elimination of resistive losses significantly increases the conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric device.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从热发电的装置和方法。 本发明是一种热电发电机，其使用基本上没有电阻的材料，通常称为超导体，以有效地将热量转换成电能而没有电阻损耗。 优选地，超导元件的阵列被封装在具有高导热性的第二材料内。 第二材料优选为半导体。 或者，超导材料可以掺杂在基底半导体材料上，或者超导材料和半导体材料可以作为晶片状材料的交替交替层存在。 施加在两种材料的边界上的温度梯度建立了与温度梯度的幅度相关的电位。 超导材料承载所得的电阻为零电阻，从而消除电阻损耗。 消除电阻损耗显着提高了热电装置的转换效率。

公开(公告)号：US5006505A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-09

申请号：US229883

申请日：1988-08-08

申请人： Matthew M. Skertic

发明人： Matthew M. Skertic

IPC分类号： H01L35/32 ,  H01L35/18 ,  H01L35/22 ,  H01L39/04 ,  H01L39/22

CPC分类号： H01L35/225 ,  H01L35/18 ,  Y10S257/93 ,  Y10S505/894 ,  Y10S505/897

摘要： A practical cryogenic Peltier cooler is devised by replacing one of the semiconducting elements in a conventional peltier cooler with an element comprised of bulk, or thin film superconducting material. In the preferred embodiment, a rare-earth, a barium copper oxide superconductor of the form Yb.sub.a Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x is utilized. The superconducing elements are placed in an alternating series with semiconducting elements comprised of bismuth telluride of the form Bi.sub.2 Te.sub.3 (n-type). Performance may be improved in an alternative embodiment by utilizing instead a bismuth antimony semiconductor of the form Bi.sub.85 Sb.sub.15 (n-type). As a result, cryogenic Peltier coolers can be devised with useful refrigeration capacities and stable cold temperatures of 65-80 degrees Kelvin and below, while heat sinked to a higher temperature.

摘要翻译： 通过用常规的珀尔帖冷却器中的一个半导体元件替换由本体或薄膜超导材料构成的元件来设计实用的低温珀耳帖冷却器。 在优选实施例中，使用YbaCu3Ox形式的稀土，钡氧化铜钡超导体。 超导元件与由Bi2Te3（n型）形式的碲化铋构成的半导体元件交替地放置。 在替代实施例中，可以通过利用Bi85Sb15（n型）形式的铋锑半导体来改善性能。 因此，可以设计低温珀耳贴冷却器，具有有用的制冷能力和65-80开氏度以下的稳定的冷温，同时散热到更高的温度。

公开(公告)号：US20230247905A1

公开(公告)日：2023-08-03

申请号：US17592329

申请日：2022-02-03

申请人： AARON ASHLEY HATHAWAY ,  EDWARD R. ENGBRECHT ,  JOHN X. PRZYBYSZ ,  ROBERT MILES YOUNG

发明人： AARON ASHLEY HATHAWAY ,  EDWARD R. ENGBRECHT ,  JOHN X. PRZYBYSZ ,  ROBERT MILES YOUNG

IPC分类号： H01L35/32 ,  H01L35/10 ,  H01L35/22 ,  H01L35/34

CPC分类号： H01L35/32 ,  H01L35/10 ,  H01L35/225 ,  H01L35/34

摘要： A superconductor junction includes a normal metal layer having a first side and a second side, an insulating layer overlying the second side of the normal metal layer, and a first superconductor layer formed of a first superconductor material that overlies a side of the insulating layer opposite the side that overlies the normal metal layer. The superconductor junction further includes a second superconductor layer formed of a second superconductor material with a first side overlying a side of the first superconductor material opposite the side that overlies the insulating layer. The second superconductor material has a higher diffusion coefficent than the first superconductor material and/or the second superconductor material has a lower recombination coefficent than the first superconductor metal layer. A normal metal layer quasiparticle trap is coupled to a second side of the second superconductor layer.

公开(公告)号：US20170317261A1

公开(公告)日：2017-11-02

申请号：US15584350

申请日：2017-05-02

申请人： North Carolina State University

发明人： Mehmet Ozturk ,  Michael D. Dickey ,  Collin Ladd ,  Dishit Paresh Parekh ,  Viswanath Padmanabhan Ramesh ,  Francisco Suarez

IPC分类号： H01L35/32 ,  H01L35/30 ,  H01L35/22

CPC分类号： H01L35/32 ,  H01L35/02 ,  H01L35/225 ,  H01L35/30

摘要： Flexible thermoelectric generators and methods of manufacturing are disclosed. In one embodiment, a flexible thermoelectric generator includes a plurality of pillars, a first and a second plurality of flexible interconnects, and a flexible material. The plurality of pillars having a first side and a second side. The first plurality of flexible interconnects electrically connecting pairs of the plurality of pillars on the first side. The second plurality of flexible interconnects electrically connecting the pairs of plurality of pillars on the second side. The first and the second plurality of flexible interconnects alternate among the pairs of plurality of pillars to form an electrical circuit having a first end and a second end. The flexible material covering the first and second plurality of flexible interconnects and having an external surface. The flexible material is configured to conduct thermal energy from the external surface to the plurality of pillars.