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公开(公告)号：US06906449B2
公开(公告)日：2005-06-14
申请号：US10307241
申请日：2002-11-27
CPC分类号： H02N3/00 , H01J45/00 , H01L35/30 , Y10S977/833
摘要： The present invention embodies a solid state thermionic energy converter and is directed to a method and apparatus for conversion of thermal energy to electrical energy, and electrical energy to refrigeration. The present invention maintains a thermal separation between an emitter and a collector through a fractional surface contact of decreasing cross-sectional area towards the point of contact. The fractional surface contacts may be associated with the emitter, a barrier, or the collector. Maintaining a thermal separation between the emitter and the collector provides for ballistic electron transport through the barrier and reduces the transport of electrons through thermal conductivity. Hence, the efficiency is increased through the collection of ballistic electrons and the reduction of thermal conductivity electrons which cannot be collected. The inventive principle works for hole conductivity, as well as for electrons. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.
摘要翻译： 本发明体现了固态热电子能量转换器，并且涉及用于将热能转换成电能，并将电能转换成制冷的方法和装置。 本发明通过减小横截面积朝向接触点的分数面接触来保持发射器和集电器之间的热分离。 分数表面接触可以与发射体，屏障或收集器相关联。 保持发射极和集电极之间的热分离，提供通过势垒的弹道电子传输，并减少电子传导通过热导率。 因此，通过收集弹道电子和减少不能收集的热导率电子来提高效率。 本发明的原理适用于空穴导电性以及电子。 要强调的是，该摘要被提供以符合要求摘要的规则，这将允许搜索者或其他读者快速确定技术公开的主题。 提交它的理解是，它不会用于解释或限制权利要求的范围或含义。
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公开(公告)号：US06396191B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-28
申请号：US09721051
申请日：2000-11-22
IPC分类号： H02N700
摘要： Solid state thermionic energy converter semiconductor diode implementation and method for conversion of thermal energy to electric energy, and electric energy to refrigeration. In embodiments of this invention a highly doped n* region can serve as an emitter region, from which carriers can be injected into a gap region. The gap region can be p-type, intrinsic, or moderately doped n-type. A hot ohmic contact is connected to the n*-type region. A cold ohmic contact serves as a collector and is connected to the other side of the gap region. The cold ohmic contact has a recombination region formed between the cold ohmic contact and the gap region and a blocking compensation layer that reduces the thermoelectric back flow component. The heated emitter relative to the collector generates an EMF which drives current through a series load. The inventive principle works for hole conductivity, as well as for electrons.
摘要翻译： 固态热电能转换器半导体二极管实现和热能转换为电能，电能转换为制冷的方法。 在本发明的实施例中，高掺杂的n *区域可以用作发射极区域，载流子可从该区域注入间隙区域。 间隙区可以是p型，本征或中等掺杂的n型。 一个热欧姆接触连接到n *型区域。 冷欧姆接触用作集电极并且连接到间隙区域的另一侧。 冷欧姆接触具有形成在冷欧姆接触和间隙区域之间的复合区域以及减小热电回流部件的阻挡补偿层。 相对于收集器的加热发射器产生一个EMF，其驱动电流通过串联负载。 本发明的原理适用于空穴导电性以及电子。
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公开(公告)号：US6019947A
公开(公告)日：2000-02-01
申请号：US102614
申请日：1998-06-22
申请人： Yan R. Kucherov
发明人： Yan R. Kucherov
CPC分类号： G10K15/043 , A61L2/02
摘要： The apparatus for liquid sterilization by high-pressure dynamic cavitation includes a fluid passage through which the continuous flow of liquid passes, wherein the fluid passage is defined by a closed cylindrical chamber having a side wall and first and second opposing ends. The chamber has an inlet and an outlet through which the continuous flow of liquid enters and exits the chamber, the inlet being tangential to the chamber axis and adjacent to the first end to provide tangential flow within the chamber and to cause the liquid flow to be deflected at the first and second opposing ends two or more times for increasing sterilization time of the liquid before exiting the outlet axially disposed on the second end. One or more projections protruding from the interior side wall of the chamber create a high-pressure drop in the flow behind the one or more projections and thereby create high-pressure dynamic cavitation for effective sterilization.
摘要翻译： 用于通过高压动态空化进行液体灭菌的装置包括液体通道，液体通过该流体通过，其中流体通道由具有侧壁和第一和第二相对端的封闭圆柱形腔室限定。 腔室具有入口和出口，液体的连续流体通过该入口和出口进入和离开腔室，入口与腔室轴线相切并且与第一端部相邻以在腔室内提供切向流动并使液体流动成为 在第一和第二相对端部处两次或更多次地偏转，以便在离开轴向设置在第二端部的出口之前增加液体的灭菌时间。 从室的内侧壁突出的一个或多个突起在一个或多个突起后面的流动中产生高压降，从而产生高压动态空化以进行有效的灭菌。
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公开(公告)号：US5632870A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-27
申请号：US430088
申请日：1995-04-27
申请人： Yan R. Kucherov
发明人： Yan R. Kucherov
CPC分类号： C25B9/00 , C25B1/02 , H01M8/0656 , Y10S204/04 , Y10S204/05 , Y10S204/09
摘要： Electrolytic cell apparatus and methods for generating a useful energy product from a plurality of energy sources. In a preferred embodiment, hydrogen gas is produced at a cathode by transmission of electrons through a low voltage potential barrier to electron flow achieved by careful control of electrolyte constituent concentrations and surface materials on the cathode. A portion of the energy captured in the hydrogen gas is provided by heat transmitting activity of ions dissociated from water at an anode which catalytically dissociates the water and thereby transfers thermal energy from the anode to the ions and other constituents of the cell electrolyte. Thermal energy is replaced in the anode by absorption of heat from the surrounding environment.
摘要翻译： 电解槽装置以及从多个能源产生有用能量产品的方法。 在优选的实施方案中，通过将电子通过低电位电势势垒传递到阴极，通过电解质成分浓度和阴极表面材料的小心控制而产生电子流，从而在阴极产生氢气。 在氢气中捕获的能量的一部分通过从阳极离开的离子的热传递活性来提供，该活性催化解离水，从而将热能从阳极传递到电池电解质的离子和其它组分。 通过吸收周围环境的热量来在阳极中更换热能。
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公开(公告)号：US20140060300A1
公开(公告)日：2014-03-06
申请号：US12454495
申请日：2009-05-04
申请人： Yan R. Kucherov , Graham K. Hubler
发明人： Yan R. Kucherov , Graham K. Hubler
IPC分类号： F41H5/02
摘要： A system for reducing the effects of a blast wave includes armor plating configured to face a supersonic blast wave. The armor plating has a surface consisting of alternating tall and short peaks with valleys between the peaks. The peaks and valleys are positioned such that the supersonic blast wave reflects from the side surfaces of the tall peaks as a regular reflection that at least partially suppresses Mach reflection of the supersonic wave caused by the short peaks and the valleys. The surface may also be designed to not trap reflected waves. The valleys can be parabolic shaped to deflect and/or dissipate transonic flow that follows the blast wave front.
摘要翻译： 用于减少爆炸波的影响的系统包括配置为面对超音速波浪的装甲电镀。 铠装电镀具有由高峰和短峰之间的峰组成的表面，峰之间具有谷。 峰和谷被定位成使得超音速波浪从高峰的侧表面反射为规则反射，其至少部分地抑制由短峰和谷引起的超声波的马赫反射。 该表面也可被设计成不捕获反射波。 谷可以是抛物线形的，以偏转和/或消散跟随冲击波前的跨音速流。
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公开(公告)号：US20100257997A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-14
申请号：US12291063
申请日：2009-04-10
申请人： Yan R Kucherov , Graham K Hubler
发明人： Yan R Kucherov , Graham K Hubler
CPC分类号： F41H5/045 , F41H5/0421 , F41H5/0428 , F41H5/0457
摘要： An armor plate transforms projectile energy into solid-state lattice waves and facilitates absorption of these waves at different wavelengths. For high frequency lattice waves, dopants are used for absorbing the lattice waves and converting them to thermal energy. Heavy dopants and layered materials can also be use for reflecting lattice waves to facilitate attenuation through absorption. A spreading layer can also be used for dispersing non-absorbed lattice waves.
摘要翻译： 装甲板将射弹能量转化为固态晶格波，并有助于吸收不同波长的这些波。 对于高频晶格波，掺杂剂用于吸收晶格波并将其转换成热能。 重掺杂物和层状材料也可用于反射晶格波以促进通过吸收的衰减。 扩展层也可以用于分散非吸收的晶格波。
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公开(公告)号：US06779347B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-24
申请号：US10145460
申请日：2002-05-13
IPC分类号： F25B2100
CPC分类号： H01L35/325 , F25B21/02 , F25B2321/003 , H01L35/225
摘要： Solid state thermioninc refrigerators with elements having at least one barrier segment connected to wire-equivalent segments. The barrier segment has solid state regions that establish a potential energy barrier to electric carriers. This barrier is such that the circulation of a negative electrical charge from one of such regions to another region experiences an increasing potential energy. Elements can be superconducting or nonsuperconducting. Elements can also include an inverse barrier.
摘要翻译： 具有元件的固态热电偶制冷器具有至少一个阻挡段连接到电线等效段。 阻挡段具有固态区域，为电载体建立势垒。 这种障碍使得负电荷从这些区域之一循环到另一区域经历增加的势能。 元素可以是超导或非超导。 元素还可以包括反向屏障。
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公开(公告)号：US08997846B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-07
申请号：US12254530
申请日：2008-10-20
申请人： Yan R. Kucherov , Graham Hubler
发明人： Yan R. Kucherov , Graham Hubler
CPC分类号： F28F13/12 , F15D1/005 , F15D1/009 , F28F3/04 , F28F13/02 , F28F13/185 , H05K7/20009 , Y10T137/2087 , Y10T137/2093
摘要： A heat dissipation system that includes a structure having a surface with a cavity recessed on the surface. A wing or channel causes a vortex to occur in the cavity. Destabilizers, such as projections or recesses are disposed on the sidewall of the cavity to disrupt the local surface boundary layer that forms in the cavity. Alternatively, a plurality of freely moving bead elements are disposed in the cavity to disrupt the local surface boundary layer. A cover can be included that prevents the bead elements from exiting the cavity.
摘要翻译： 一种散热系统，其包括具有凹陷在表面上的腔的表面的结构。 翼或通道导致在空腔中发生涡流。 诸如突起或凹陷之类的不稳定剂设置在空腔的侧壁上以破坏在空腔中形成的局部表面边界层。 或者，多个自由移动的胎圈元件设置在空腔中以破坏局部表面边界层。 可以包括防止胎圈元件离开空腔的盖子。
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公开(公告)号：US20120234164A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-20
申请号：US13047288
申请日：2011-03-14
IPC分类号： F41H5/04 , F41H7/04 , F41H5/24 , F41H1/04 , B32B37/14 , B32B38/00 , F41H1/02 , F41H7/02 , B32B37/02
CPC分类号： F41H5/0414 , B32B17/10761 , B32B2307/412 , B32B2315/02 , B32B2369/00 , B32B2375/00 , B32B2571/02 , F41H1/04 , F41H5/0407 , F41H5/0428 , Y10T156/10
摘要： A composite armor plate includes a fracture layer placed adjacent to a ceramic layer. The ceramic layer provides a ballistic resistant layer that receives a ballistic impact and propagates a compression wave. The fracture layer is placed behind the ceramic layer and absorbs a portion of the compression wave propagating out in front of the ballistic impact. The absorbed compression wave causes the fracture layer to at least partially disintegrate into fine particles, which dissipates energy in the process. To cause a higher degree of fracturing (and thus larger dissipation of compression wave energy) the fracture layer includes a plurality of resonators embedded in a fracture material.
摘要翻译： 复合装甲板包括邻近陶瓷层放置的断裂层。 陶瓷层提供抵御弹道冲击并传播压缩波的防弹层。 将断裂层放置在陶瓷层的后面，并吸收在弹道冲击之前传播的一部分压缩波。 吸收的压缩波使得断裂层至少部分地分解成细颗粒，这在该过程中消耗能量。 为了引起更高程度的压裂（并且因此压缩波能量的较大耗散），断裂层包括嵌入裂缝材料中的多个谐振器。
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公开(公告)号：US20110203452A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-25
申请号：US12708991
申请日：2010-02-19
IPC分类号： F41H5/04
CPC分类号： F41H5/0407 , B32B17/10119 , B32B17/1055 , F41H5/0421 , F41H5/0428
摘要： An armor plate includes at least four layers configured to generate a compression wave that is dissipated in a fracture player. The armor plate includes a deformable layer of a material having an elongation before failure of 20% or more; a transparent ceramic layer adjacent the deformable layer; a transparent fracture layer adjacent the ceramic layer; and a transparent spall liner backing the fracture layer.
摘要翻译： 装甲板包括至少四层，其被配置成产生在破碎机中消散的压缩波。 该装甲板包括具有20％以上的失效前的伸长率的材料的变形层; 与可变形层相邻的透明陶瓷层; 与陶瓷层相邻的透明断裂层; 以及支撑断裂层的透明剥落衬垫。
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