公开(公告)号：US5556517A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-17

申请号：US483045

申请日：1995-06-07

申请人： Richard E. Smalley

发明人： Richard E. Smalley

IPC分类号： C01B31/02 ,  F24S20/20

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B31/0206 ,  C01B31/0213 ,  F24J2/07 ,  Y02E10/41 ,  Y10S423/19 ,  Y10S977/842

摘要： This invention provides an improved process and apparatus for making fullerenes by vaporizing carbon and conducting the resulting carbon vapor to a dark zone for fullerene growth and annealing. In one embodiment concentrated solar energy is used to vaporize carbon. In a further embodiment, concentrated solar energy may be used to improve fullerene yields by vaporizing carbon and further to prevent carbon cluster formation until the carbon vapor passes into a dark zone for fullerene growth and annealing. The invention provides an improvement to increase the yield of any known process wherein carbon is vaporized under high light conditions, the improvement comprising providing a dark zone for fullerene growth and annealing.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种改进的制备富勒烯的方法和装置，该方法和装置通过将碳蒸发并将所得碳蒸汽导入黑色区域进行富勒烯生长和退火。 在一个实施方案中，使用集中的太阳能来蒸发碳。 在另一个实施方案中，可以使用浓缩的太阳能来通过汽化碳来改善富勒烯产率，并且进一步防止碳簇形成，直到碳蒸汽进入黑色区域以进行富勒烯生长和退火。 本发明提供了提高任何已知方法的产率的改进，其中碳在高光条件下蒸发，改进包括为富勒烯生长和退火提供暗区。

公开(公告)号：US5145515A

公开(公告)日：1992-09-08

申请号：US458886

申请日：1989-12-29

申请人： Darrell L. Gallup ,  John L. Featherstone ,  Jessie P. Reverente ,  Philip H. Messer ,  Allen W. Doty

发明人： Darrell L. Gallup ,  John L. Featherstone ,  Jessie P. Reverente ,  Philip H. Messer ,  Allen W. Doty

IPC分类号： F03G4/00 ,  C01D3/16 ,  C02F5/00 ,  C02F5/08 ,  C02F5/10 ,  F24J3/08

CPC分类号： F24J3/085 ,  C01D3/16 ,  Y02E10/14 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： A method is disclosed for polishing geothermal brines containing iron-rich silica scale and silica particles suspended therein while removing and recovering copper, silver and other precious metals dissolved therein. The method comprises passing brine having a pH just below about 5.0 through a conduit packed with a metal higher in the electromotive series than silver for a time sufficient for a substantial portion of the copper and silver therein to precipitate onto the packing. Preferably, the packing comprises coiled zinc-galvanized steel chicken wire mesh packed in a sufficient density to act as a filter for said suspended particles. Dissolving the packing in a suitable acid will leave a precious metal-rich residue behind for subsequent recovery. When the brine is treated in accordance with this method, the useful life of injection wells used to return cooled brine back to the geothermal field is extended by at least about 3 time as compared to that observed with untreated brine. Further the treated brine is less corrosive than it was before treatment.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于抛光含有富铁二氧化硅垢和悬浮在其中的二氧化硅颗粒的地热盐水的方法，同时除去和回收溶解在其中的铜，银和其它贵金属。 该方法包括将具有低于约5.0的pH的盐水通过填充有比电银系列更高的金属的导管充满足以使其中大部分铜和银沉淀到填料上的时间的导管。 优选地，填料包括以足够的密度填充的卷绕的镀锌钢丝鸡丝网，以充当所述悬浮颗粒的过滤器。 将包装溶解在合适的酸中将留下贵重的富含金属的残留物，以便随后的回收。 当根据该方法处理盐水时，将冷却的盐水返回到地热场的注入井的使用寿命比未处理的盐水所观察到的延长至少约3倍。 此外，处理过的盐水比处理前的腐蚀性低。

公开(公告)号：US4468929A

公开(公告)日：1984-09-04

申请号：US544179

申请日：1983-10-21

申请人： Robert T. Jernigan

发明人： Robert T. Jernigan

IPC分类号： B01D53/14 ,  C02F1/68 ,  C02F1/72 ,  F03G4/06 ,  F03G7/04 ,  F03G7/00

CPC分类号： C02F1/72 ,  B01D53/1418 ,  B01D53/1425 ,  B01D53/1468 ,  B01D53/1493 ,  C02F1/683 ,  F03G7/04 ,  Y02E10/10 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Residual geothermal steam containing hydrogen sulfide from a steam turbine is condensed with an aqueous solution of ferric chelate in a direct or indirect condensor whereby the hydrogen sulfide is converted to free sulfur and the ferric chelate is converted to ferrous chelate. The ferrous chelate is subsequently oxidized back to the ferric state and reused.

摘要翻译： 来自蒸汽轮机的含有硫化氢的残余地热蒸汽与直接或间接冷凝器中的铁螯合物的水溶液冷凝，由此将硫化氢转化为游离硫，并将铁螯合物转化为亚铁螯合物。 亚铁螯合物随后被氧化回铁态并重新使用。

公开(公告)号：US4088743A

公开(公告)日：1978-05-09

申请号：US605642

申请日：1975-08-18

申请人： Robert H. Hass ,  Rowland C. Hansford ,  Harvey Hennig

发明人： Robert H. Hass ,  Rowland C. Hansford ,  Harvey Hennig

IPC分类号： B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/50 ,  B01D53/34

CPC分类号： B01D53/52 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： A process for the conversion of H.sub.2 S to SO.sub.2 in a feed gas containing H.sub.2 S is effected by oxidation with air or oxygen at temperatures between 300.degree. and 900.degree. F. The oxidation is conducted in the presence of an extremely stable oxidation catalyst comprising an oxide and/or sulfide of vanadium supported on a non-alkaline porous refractory oxide. The preferred catalyst comprises between 5 and 15 wt.% V.sub.2 O.sub.5 on hydrogen mordenite or alumina. Hydrogen, carbon monoxide and light hydrocarbons present in the feed gas are not oxidized. The invention is especially contemplated for use in treating waste gases from geothermal steam power plants.

摘要翻译： 在含有H 2 S的进料气体中将H 2 S转化为SO 2的方法通过在空气或氧气下在300-900°F的温度下氧化来实现。氧化是在极其稳定的包含氧化物和氧化物的氧化催化剂的存在下进行的， /或负载在非碱性多孔难熔氧化物上的钒的硫化物。 优选的催化剂在氢丝光沸石或氧化铝上含有5至15重量％的V 2 O 5。 进料气中存在的氢，一氧化碳和轻烃不被氧化。 本发明特别考虑用于处理地热蒸汽发电厂的废气。

公开(公告)号：US3817038A

公开(公告)日：1974-06-18

申请号：US28578272

申请日：1972-09-01

申请人： TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORP

发明人： PAULL P ,  KERR P

IPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  F24J3/08 ,  B01D1/00 ,  B01D11/02 ,  C01D3/08

CPC分类号： F24J3/085 ,  Y02E10/14 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： A method of heating an aqueous fluid which can be, for example, water, in a dry geothermal reservoir formation penetrated by an injection well and a production well comprising injecting the said fluid into the formation via the injection well, forcing the fluid into the formation with simultaneous heating and finally recovering the heated fluid via the production well. Utilizing heat exchangers at the surface, the heated fluid may be employed to supply process heating requirements for steam making, preheating of refinery streams such as crude oil feed to distillation units, salt evaporation, etc. Alternatively, where the heated fluid recovered via the production well is steam, it can be employed directly, for example, in a turbine for power generation.

摘要翻译： 在由注入井渗透的干燥地热储层地层中加热可以是例如水的水性流体的方法以及生产井，其包括通过注入井将所述流体注入地层，迫使流体进入地层 同时加热并最终通过生产井回收加热的流体。 使用热交换器在表面，可以采用加热的流体来提供用于蒸汽制造，炼油厂物流如原油进料到蒸馏单元的预热的过程加热要求，盐蒸发等。另外，当通过生产回收加热的流体时 它是蒸汽，它可以直接使用，例如在用于发电的涡轮机中。

公开(公告)号：US5057292A

公开(公告)日：1991-10-15

申请号：US446972

申请日：1989-12-06

申请人： Frank R. Monticelli, Jr.

发明人： Frank R. Monticelli, Jr.

IPC分类号： C01B17/05 ,  C02F1/72 ,  F03G7/04

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  C01B17/05 ,  C02F1/725 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a fluid stream of condensed steam by addition of an iron chelate catalyst to oxidize H.sub.2 S to sulfur. The removal is carried out in a modified cooling tower where condensed steam is added to a recycled iron chelate liquid in a water collection tray for a period of time sufficient to oxidize the H.sub.2 S before the fluid stream is introduced to the cooling tower to remove sulfur.

摘要翻译： 通过加入铁螯合催化剂将硫化氢从冷凝蒸汽的流体流中除去以将H 2 S氧化成硫。 在改进的冷却塔中进行除去，其中将冷凝的蒸汽加入回收托盘中的再循环的铁螯合液中足以在将流体流引入冷却塔以除去硫之前氧化H 2 S的时间。

公开(公告)号：US4844162A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-04

申请号：US139582

申请日：1987-12-30

申请人： Brian W. Maassen ,  Richard G. Campbell

发明人： Brian W. Maassen ,  Richard G. Campbell

IPC分类号： E21B41/00 ,  E21B43/40 ,  F03G7/04

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  E21B41/0057 ,  E21B43/40 ,  Y02E10/10 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Apparatus is provided for treating a flow of hot, pressurized, hydrogen sulfide-containing geothermal steam, particularly a flow of high-energy, surplus steam substantially as produced from the ground. The apparatus comprises a first condenser in which most of the steam in the flow is condensed, and a first separator in which the steam condensate is separated from residual amounts of steam and non-condensable gases (including hydrogen sulfide). An after-cooler is provided for cooling the condensate to a disposal temperature of less than about 200.degree. F. before the condensate is discharged into a disposal well, the disposal temperature being such as to create a vacuum in the disposal well. A second condenser is provided in which is condensed a substantial amount of the steam in the mixture of residual steam and non-condensable gases, the condensate being separated from a mixture of residual steam and non-condensable gases in a second separator. Condensate from the second separator is combined with condensate from the after-cooler and is discharged therewith into the disposal well. The mixture of non-condensable gases and residual amounts of steam is also discharged from the second separator into the disposal well, being drawn thereinto by the vacuum in the well. A corresponding method is provided for treating a flow of geothermal steam so as to control hydrogen sulfide emissions therefrom.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于处理热，加压，含硫化氢的地热蒸汽的流动，特别是基本上从地面产生的高能量，多余的蒸汽流。 该装置包括第一冷凝器，其中流动中的大部分蒸汽被冷凝，以及第一分离器，其中蒸汽冷凝物与剩余量的蒸汽和不可冷凝气体（包括硫化氢）分离。 提供了后冷却器，用于在冷凝物排入处置井之前将冷凝物冷却至小于约200°F的处理温度，处置温度使得在处理井中产生真空。 提供了第二冷凝器，其中残余蒸汽和不可冷凝气体的混合物中的大量蒸汽冷凝，冷凝物与第二分离器中的残余蒸汽和不可冷凝气体的混合物分离。 来自第二分离器的冷凝物与来自后冷却器的冷凝物组合并且被排出到处理井中。 不可冷凝气体和残留量的蒸汽的混合物也从第二分离器排放到处理井中，并通过井中的真空吸入。 提供了一种相应的处理地热蒸汽流的方法，以控制其中的硫化氢排放。

公开(公告)号：US4596698A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-24

申请号：US415832

申请日：1982-09-08

申请人： Jerome S. Spevack

发明人： Jerome S. Spevack

IPC分类号： B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01B17/16 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01B32/50 ,  C01C1/12 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  C01G49/12 ,  F03G4/06 ,  F03G7/04 ,  B01J10/00

CPC分类号： F03G7/04 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/52 ,  C01B17/167 ,  C01B17/20 ,  C01B31/20 ,  C01B4/00 ,  C01C1/12 ,  C01G3/12 ,  C01G49/12 ,  C01G9/08 ,  Y02E10/10 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Certain impure steams, especially those from geothermal sources, are contaminated with gaseous substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammomia, carbon dioxide, substances comprising boron, arsenic and mercury, other gases, as well as finely divided particulate solid matter in a form resembling dust or smoke. These contaminants reduce the efficiency of the steam as a heat transfer fluid and are detrimental to equipment utilizing steam as an energy source. Furthermore, discharges from the utilization of such impure steams result in pollution of the environment or necessitate expensive requirements for limiting the same. The present invention describes apparatus wherein so contaminated steam is selectively processed at superatmospheric pressure for removing one or more of said contaminants and, after reduction of its energy content by pressure reduction and/or condensation of the steam, gases substantially free of hydrogen sulfide are discharged to the atmosphere. The apparatus includes means for contacting the impure steam with an aqueous liquid containing reactant capable of reacting with at least one of said contaminants in the steam, e.g. hydrogen sulfide, to form non-gaseous reaction products including solids, e.g. metal sulfides, and for separating and removing solids from the aqueous liquid phase. Means are also described for recycling untreacted reactant and/or for regeneration of reactant from metal sulfide, and for recovering byproducts from the reaction products. By use of the described apparatus, the utility of impure steam may be improved and pollution of the environment from emission of hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants may be avoided.

摘要翻译： 某些不纯的蒸汽，特别是那些来自地热源的不纯的蒸汽，被硫化氢，氨，二氧化碳，含有硼，砷和汞的物质，其他气体等气体物质以及类似于灰尘的形式的微细固体物质 抽烟。 这些污染物降低作为传热流体的蒸汽的效率，并且不利于利用蒸汽作为能量源的设备。 此外，使用这种不纯的蒸汽排放会导致对环境的污染，或者需要昂贵的限制条件。 本发明描述了这样一种装置，其中如此污染的蒸汽在超大气压下被选择性地处理以除去一种或多种所述污染物，并且在通过蒸汽的减压和/或冷凝来减少其能量含量之后，排出基本上不含硫化氢的气体 到大气。 该装置包括用于使不纯蒸汽与含有能够与蒸汽中的至少一种所述污染物反应的含水反应物接触的装置， 形成非气态反应产物，包括固体，例如硫化氢。 金属硫化物，并用于从水性液相中分离和除去固体。 还描述了用于循环未反应的反应物和/或从金属硫化物再生反应物的手段，并用于从反应产物中回收副产物。 通过使用所述装置，可以改善不纯蒸汽的用途，并且可以避免环境污染从硫化氢和其他污染物的排放。

公开(公告)号：US4552668A

公开(公告)日：1985-11-12

申请号：US635870

申请日：1984-07-30

申请人： Richard A. Brown ,  Robert D. Norris

发明人： Richard A. Brown ,  Robert D. Norris

IPC分类号： C09K8/02 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C09K8/12 ,  C09K8/588 ,  C09K8/68 ,  E21B43/04 ,  E21B43/22 ,  C02F1/76 ,  C09K3/00

CPC分类号： C02F1/722 ,  C09K8/12 ,  C09K8/588 ,  C09K8/685 ,  E21B43/04 ,  Y10S423/19 ,  Y10S507/922

摘要： A method for preferentially oxidizing sulfide in a viscous, aqueous solution of a hydratable polymeric material suitable for use in hydraulically treating subterranean formations.

摘要翻译： 一种优选在适用于液压处理地下地层的可水合聚合材料的粘性水溶液中硫化硫化物的方法。

公开(公告)号：US4451442A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-29

申请号：US390617

申请日：1982-06-21

申请人： Gaines C. Jeffrey ,  Lance A. Cooper ,  Sharon S. Whipple

发明人： Gaines C. Jeffrey ,  Lance A. Cooper ,  Sharon S. Whipple

IPC分类号： B01D53/52 ,  B01D53/14 ,  B01D53/34 ,  B01D53/77 ,  C01B17/05 ,  C02F1/58 ,  C02F1/72

CPC分类号： B01D53/1493 ,  B01D53/1425 ,  B01D53/1462 ,  C01B17/05 ,  Y02P20/152 ,  Y10S423/19

摘要： Fluid streams containing hydrogen sulfide from a steam turbine or from a sour gas stream are contacted with an aqueous solution of a polyvalent metal chelate and an oxidizing agent whereby the hydrogen sulfide is converted to free sulfur and then to soluble sulfur compounds. The metal chelate is reduced to a lower oxidation state metal chelate and reduced metal chelate is subsequently oxidized with air back to the higher oxidation state and reused.

摘要翻译： 将含有来自蒸汽涡轮机或来自酸性气流的硫化氢的流体流与多价金属螯合物和氧化剂的水溶液接触，由此将硫化氢转化为游离硫，然后转化为可溶性硫化合物。 金属螯合物被还原为较低的氧化态金属螯合物，还原的金属螯合物随后被空气氧化回到更高的氧化态并重复使用。