摘要:
An apparatus is provided for determining the temperature of a flowing medium in a pipe or tube conduit. The apparatus has a sensor element formed from a ceramic substrate and a thin-film resistor arranged on the substrate and electrically and mechanically connected to at least two electrical leads. The sensor element is arranged in a plastic housing having an opening at least for the pipe or tube and being formed as a molded part. The electrical leads are formed from metal strips, each having first and second ends, with the sensor element arranged at the first end of the metal strips. The plastic housing is molded around the metal strips in a region between their first and second ends, and preferably forms a plug at the second end of the metal strips. Methods are also provided for producing the apparatus, wherein the first end of the metal strips may be bent up about 90null before the molding the housing around the metal strips, and optionally around the conduit, and then bent back again after molding and connected to the conduit by a heat-conductive material.
摘要:
Presented are methods, systems, and apparatus for deriving heat flux information and using heat flux information for a workpiece used in temperature sensitive processes.
摘要:
The present invention discloses a method and apparatus (5) for condition diagnosing of an inductive power device (1), such as a transformer or reactor, having power windings (2) immersed in a fluid (3) being cooled by cooling devices (4). The diagnosing method basically compares and evaluates expected heat flows into and out from the inductive power device (1) system together with an actual and a previous heat content of such a system. From the heat flows the heat balance in the system may be obtained and is used for diagnosing the operation conditions of the inductive power device (1). The results from the condition diagnosing may be used as indicators (70) that can alarm operators, may be sent as a data signal (80) to remote and/or portable display means (85), such as a computer, or may be used as input data to control or simulation systems.
摘要:
It is an object to obtain a calorimeter characterized by excellent mechanical strength, and a manufacturing method thereof, when a plurality of calorimeters are arranged inside a single substrate. The calorimeter has an absorbent for converting energy of radioactive rays into heat and a resistor for converting heat into an electrical signal using superconductive transition are arranged on a membrane for determining thermal conductivity with the membrane being attached to a substrate, the substrate having a tri-layer structure comprising an etching layer, an etching stop layer and a support substrate, the membrane being arranged separated by the thickness of the etching stop layer and the etching layer.
摘要:
A method for controlling an automobile exterior temperature display during a first period of time following starting the automobile includes comparing an ambient temperature to a display temperature and comparing a speed of the automobile to a threshold speed. If the speed is above the threshold speed and the sensed ambient temperature is more than a predetermined amount above the displayed temperature, the displayed temperature is adjusted at a first rate. The comparisons are continued for a predetermined period of time and, following the predetermined period of time, the displayed temperature is permitted to increase at a second rate. The second rate of increase is slower than the first rate of increase.
摘要:
A scanning heat flow probe for making quantitative measurements of heat flow through a device under test is provided. In one embodiment the scanning heat flow probe includes an electric current conductor in a cantilever beam connected to a probe tip and coupled to two voltmeter leads. The probe also includes two thermocouple junctions in the cantilever beam electrically isolated from the electric current conductor and the two voltmeter leads. Heat flow is derived quantitatively using only voltage and current measurements. In other forms, the invention relates to the calibration of scanning heat flow probes through a method involving interconnected probes, and relates to the minimization of heat flow measurement uncertainty by probe structure design practices.
摘要:
A method for determining a heating line for bending a steel plate includes the steps of: placing a virtual pattern on a virtual plate; rolling the plate along a frame line from a reference position to contact the plate at two points on the plate; rolling the steel plate back to the reference position; obtaining straight lines connecting the contact points; determining a heating point relative to a reference point; repeating the same steps while contacting the contact points on a reference point side; drawing straight lines from a certain heating point on a certain line to heating points on other lines; examining the degree of parallelism between each straight line and a roller line; grouping the relevant heating points as the same group; and connecting the heating points of the same group by a straight line or a curve.
摘要:
A heat sensor device adapted to provide direct measurements of heat flux to be used for calculating thermal and skin burn predictions. The device comprises a copper disk within a copper thermal guard ring that are supported within a heat insulating disk holder surrounded by a protective housing. A thermocouple is affixed to the back side of the copper disk in a cavity defined within the heat insulating disk holder, and a connector wire extends through the heat insulating disk holder and protective housing.
摘要:
A calorimeter measured value control system for controlling the measured values of plural calorimeters, including: a plurality of terminal apparatuses, each arranged for each base, having transmission section for transmitting the measured values of a color sample measured by each calorimeter; and a control server having: a storage section for storing measured values of the color sample measured by a standard calorimeter as standard values; a reception section for receiving the measured values; a determining section for determining the correction formula for approximating the measured values to the standard values stored; and a registration section for registering the correction formula, as the correction formula for correcting the error of the measured values of the calorimeter.
摘要:
A method of recording data relating to the posture of a subject and assessing the data so as to categorize said data into activities, including sitting, walking and standing. The method comprises sensing the movement of the thigh by use of a single sensor; recording the movement of the thigh; and processing the data so as to classify the data into discrete ones of said activities.