Abstract:
The specification and drawings present a new apparatus such as a halogen incandescent lamp is presented herein, the apparatus comprising a light source such as a light-generating element made of tungsten, configured to generate a visible light such as white light having chromaticity coordinates of the light source in a clear center in a color space, and a component such as light-transmissive envelope, enclosing the light source and comprising a coating with a compound comprising elements of neodymium and fluorine and configured to provide a desired light spectrum by filtering the generated visible light using the compound, where the desired light spectrum having chromaticity coordinates in the color space being shifted from the clear center below the black-body locus and outside of a four-step MacAdam ellipse of the light source to meet a predefined requirement for a modified spectrum lamp.
Abstract:
An apparatus for generating electron radiation comprises: an elongated, wire-shaped hot cathode to emit electron radiation having an elongated, line-shaped cross section perpendicular to a direction of propagation of the electron radiation; a cathode electrode; an anode electrode with an opening through which the electron radiation emitted from the hot cathode can pass, wherein a voltage applied between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode accelerates electrons emitted from the hot cathode; and a deflecting unit to deflect the electron radiation downstream of the opening of the anode electrode, wherein a cross section of the electron radiation perpendicular to the direction of propagation is changed by the deflecting unit to decease a longitudinal extent of the electron radiation and to increase a transverse extent of the electron radiation such that longitudinal and transverse extents of the electron radiation perpendicular to the direction of propagation are about the same size.
Abstract:
A power control device 9 of the present invention includes: a power-supply target value obtaining unit 21 configured to obtain electric power being currently consumed by a load as a power-supply target value; a generated-power detection unit 22 configured to detect a generated-power value generated by a fuel cell 2 with respect to the power-supply target value; a power compensation amount calculation unit 23 configured to calculate a deviation of the generated-power value from the power-supply target value and determine an amount of power compensation to be supplied to the load from a storage cell 6; and an output power control unit 24 configured to determine current transient response characteristics of the storage cell 6, and perform control so that output power from the storage cell 6 becomes equal to the amount of power compensation based on the current transient response characteristics.
Abstract:
In an incandescent lamp having a glass envelope joined to a base member and a filament mounted within the envelope, an improved fuse wire comprises a portion of one or both of the lead-in wires connecting the filament to the base member. The fuse wire is made of an Aluchrom alloy containing Chromium, Nickel and Iron, or is made of a Cronifer alloy containing Chromium, Iron and Aluminum. The Aluchrom or Cronifer fuse wire, upon lamp failure and fuse burnout, exhibits reduced arcing melt-through of the lamp base compared with lamps having prior art fuse wires, for improved safety thereof.Further the Aluchrom or Chronifer fuse wires have an I.sup.2 t energy rating which permits the use of larger diameter fuse wires which can more readily be processed by lamp production machinery than the smaller diameter lamp fuse wires of prior art materials.
Abstract:
A radiation source for generating electromagnetic radiation includes an anode, a cathode, and a discharge space. The anode and the cathode are configured to create a discharge in a substance in the discharge space to form a plasma so as to generate the electromagnetic radiation. The radiation source also includes a fuel supply constructed and arranged to supply at least a component of the substance to a location near the discharge space. The fuel supply is located at a distance from the anode and the cathode. The radiation source also includes a further supply constructed and arranged to create and/or maintain a cooling and/or protective layer on or near the anode and/or cathode.