摘要:
A silicon wafer is provided in which a dopant is phosphorus, resistivity is 1.2 mΩ·cm or less, and carbon concentration is 3.5×1015 atoms/cm3 or more. The carbon concentration is decreased by 10% or more near a surface of the silicon wafer compared with a center-depth of the silicon wafer.
摘要:
A current conducting melting vessel within which glass can be melted is provided. At least two induction heating coils are provided at selected locations proximate to the melting vessel. Power is selectively supplied to the coils to thereby selectively energise the coils so that the mutual induction of current in a non-energised heating coil adjacent to an energised heating coil is prevented via a switching element in power supply circuitry associated with the non-energised coil.
摘要:
A process for producing a silicon single crystal by the Czochralski method, utilizes a heater which is intended for heating a silicon-filled crucible and is arranged below the crucible. The process has energy delivered to the melt at least some of the time inductively using a coiled heater arranged under the crucible. The heater is in the form of a wound coil.
摘要:
Apparatus for desulfurizing and heating molten metal includes a refractory body having an open top receptacle, an outlet and a passageway communicating the receptacle with the outlet. An electric coil is disposed in surrounding relation to the receptacle. The upper end of the coil is disposed generally equal to the level of the molten metal in the receptacle. The molten metal is supplied to the receptacle through a first feed member, and a desulfurizing agent is supplied to the receptacle through a second feed member. Upon excitation of the coil, electric currents are induced in the molten metal to heat it and also to agitate it to mix the desulfurizing agent with the molten metal.
摘要:
An applicator machine and a process for heating and coating a section of pipeline. The applicator machine includes a frame configured to rotate about a section of pipeline to be heated and coated, rotating means operable to rotate the frame, and coating material applicators induction coils and radiant heaters mounted on the frame and rotatable therewith. The induction coil is configured to heat a section of pipeline adjacent to the induction coil to a coating material application temperature. The radiant heaters are configured to heat factory-applied coatings. Each coating material applicator sprays coating material through an aperture in a respective induction coil. The applicator includes an enclosure configured to surround a section of pipeline and provision for evacuating and collecting waste coating material. The coating material applicator may be configured to spray powder coating material, such as fusion bonded epoxy powder material and/or chemically modified polypropylene powder material.
摘要:
A shaping machine includes a melting vessel, an induction coil arranged on the melting vessel for inductively heating, in particular melting, a material, and a shaping cavity. The melting vessel has at least one irradiation region which is substantially permeable for an electromagnetic field, and the shaping machine is adapted to cool the material in the cavity in such a way that a substantially crystalline solid body is formed. A body with a higher magnetic permeability than the melting vessel is arranged overlapping the irradiation region, and the induction coil is arranged between the body and the irradiation region.
摘要:
An apparatus for feeding molten metal at a substantially constant rate of at least 3 pounds per minute is disclosed. This apparatus includes a receptacle for holding a maximum volume of molten metal therein, a heater to maintain the metal in a molten state, and an overflow runner through which molten metal flows from the receptacle as the amount of molten metal exceeds the maximum volume of the receptacle. The apparatus further includes a system for advancing a solid charge of metal toward the molten metal holding portion of the receptacle and a control for the advancing system to insure that the melting rate of the solid charge that is advanced toward the receptacle is substantially constant. In the operation of this apparatus the receptacle is filled with molten metal at its maximum volume and subsequent control of the melt rate of the solid charge by controlled advancement thereof results in a substantially constant molten metal feed rate through the over-flow runner.