摘要:
This invention relates to methods of purifying water using forward osmosis, with a graphene oxide laminate acting as a semi-permeable membrane. The laminate is formed from stacks of individual graphene oxide flakes which may be predominantly monolayer thick. The methods of the invention find particular application in the desalination of salt water.
摘要:
Methods for preparing a polymer membrane on a porous support may include providing a porous support having an outer wall, a first end, a second end, and porous channel surfaces that define a plurality of channels through the porous support from the first end to the second end. The plurality of channels includes membrane channels. The channel surfaces that define the membrane channels are membrane-channel surfaces. The polymer membrane may be coated onto the porous support by first establishing a pressure differential between the outer wall and the plurality of channels. Then, a pre-polymer solution may be applied to the membrane-channel surfaces and, optionally, the first and second ends, by slip coating or emulsion coating while the pressure differential is maintained. This results in formation of a pre-polymer layer on at least the membrane-channel surfaces. Then, the pre-polymer layer may be cured to form the polymer membrane.
摘要:
A porous membrane may be manufactured through a cooled-gelled polymer solution that may be more stable than hot polymer solutions. The cooled-gelled solution may contain partially dissolved polymer along with gelled polymer particles, and may have a relatively long pot life and be more easily handled during manufacturing. The solution may support very high levels of filler material and other additives, and may be used to form microporous films, solid films, reinforced and non-reinforced films, among other forms.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a material. In particular, it relates to a membrane for filtering water. More particularly, it relates to a membrane comprising carbon nanotubes and mixed cellulose ester porous membranes for water desalination and purification. Still more particular, the membrane comprising a fibrous substrate and carbon nanotubes formed on a fibrous substrate, wherein the surface of the carbon nanotubes is functionally modified. A microfluidic device comprising such a membrane and a method for filtering water are also disclosed.
摘要:
Functionalized carbon nanotube nanocomposite membrane and methods of making them are provided. The nanocomposite membranes are made from functionalized carbon nanotubes deposited on a membrane support that is overlayed with a polymer matrix such as polyamide. The carbon nanotubes may be functionalized with a variety of functional groups, such as short zwitterionic functional groups. Methods for functionalization of carbon nanotubes, deposition of carbon nanotubes on a membrane support, and interfacial polymerization of polyamide are also described. The methods of the invention may be carried out on an industrial level and provide for membranes with high water transport and salt rejection and resistance to biofouling, which may be particularly useful for desalination applications.
摘要:
Catalytic materials, particularly membranes, exhibiting high activity, high stability and low metal leaching in a variety of chemical reactions, particularly selective hydrogenations of unsaturated organic compounds, are described. These membranes are inorganic / polymeric hybrid materials in which metal complex molecular catalysts are immobilized or metal nano-particle catalysts are embedded. More specifically, the catalytic materials of the present invention exhibit higher activity and selectivity, and can be used in more extensive kinds of organic solvents than the conventional hybrid catalytic materials due to improvement in the affinity to organic solvents by containing the specific polymeric additives.
摘要:
Dargestellt und beschrieben ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer hydrophilen Polymermembran (1), insbesondere zur Herstellung einer porösen Membran für die Filtration oder zur Verwendung bei Funktionstextilien, wobei einem insbesondere hydrophoben polymeren Membranmaterial (2) als Ausgangsmaterial für die Membranherstellung wenigstens ein Hydrophilierungsadditiv (3) und, gegebenenfalls, wenigstens ein weiterer Zuschlagstoff beigemischt werden, wobei das das Hydrophilierungsadditiv (3) und gegebenenfalls den weiteren Zuschlagstoff aufweisende Membranmaterial (4) zu einem mit dem Hydrophilierungsadditiv (3) und gegebenenfalls dem weiteren Zuschlagstoff beladenen Polymerfilm (5) extrudiert wird und wobei der Polymerfilm (5) zur Porenbildung insbesondere mono- und/oder biaxial verstreckt wird.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to microfiltration membranes comprising a microporous material, said microporous material comprising: (a) a polyolefin matrix present in an amount of at least 2 percent by weight, (b) finely divided, particulate, substantially water-insoluble silica filler distributed throughout said matrix, said filler constituting from about 10 percent to about 90 percent by weight of said microporous material substrate, wherein the weight ratio of filler to polyolefin is greater than 4:1; and (c) at least 35 percent by volume of a network of interconnecting pores communicating throughout the microporous material. The present invention is also directed to methods of separating suspended or dissolved materials from a fluid stream such as a liquid or gaseous stream, comprising passing the fluid stream through the microfiltration membrane described above.
摘要:
Membranes of the invention comprise a hybrid silica film on a organic polymer support. The silica comprises organic bridging groups bound to two or more silicon atoms, in particular at least 1 of said organic bridging groups per 10 silicon atoms. The membranes can be produced by dry chemistry processes, in particular plasma-enhanced vapour deposition of bridged silane precursors, or by wet chemistry involving hydrolysis of the bridged silane precursors. The membranes are inexpensive and efficient for separation of small molecules and filtration processes.