摘要:
Exemplary embodiments in desalination by direct contact membrane distillation present a cylindrical cross-flow module containing high-flux composite hydrophobic hollow fiber membranes. The present embodiments are directed to a model that has been developed to describe the observed water production rates of such devices in multiple brine feed introduction configurations. The model describes the observed water vapor production rates for different feed brine temperatures at various feed brine flow rates. The model flux predictions have been explored over a range of hollow fiber lengths to compare the present results with those obtained earlier from rectangular modules which had significantly shorter hollow fibers.
摘要:
A produced water treatment system includes a conduit configured for passing a heated produced water stream therethrough, the heated produced water stream including chemical contaminants comprising naphthenic acid at a concentration greater than approximately 50 ppm and acetone at a concentration greater than approximately 5 ppm; a permeate reservoir; a cooling unit fluidically coupled to the permeate reservoir and configured for receiving permeate therefrom; a pump fluidically coupled to the cooling unit and configured for outputting a permeate stream at a temperature lower than that of the heated produced water stream; a plurality of hollow fiber direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules, each of which is fluidically coupled for receiving the heated produced water stream and the permeate stream in crossflow configuration; and an outlet for providing a treated water stream that contains essentially no naphthenic acid and less than approximately 1.5 ppm of acetone.
摘要:
The present invention pertains to a pervaporation membrane process for the separation of high octane fuel components from a gasoline feed stream comprising feeding a mixed phase vapor-liquid feed to a cyclone separation means to separate the liquid from the vapor, then sending the saturated vapor to the membrane, thereby extending the useful life of the membrane.
摘要:
A desalination system and method for producing a distillate from a feed liquid, wherein the desalination system comprises: a steam raising device (2) having a liquid section (5) and a steam section (6); a membrane distillation device (3) having a first steam section (11) and a liquid section (12) and having a second steam section (13), wherein a membrane system (15) separates the second steam section (13) from the liquid section (12); and a heat exchange device (4) having a first liquid section (21) and a second liquid section (22). It makes brackish or seawater into potable or drinking water.
摘要:
This invention relates to a vacuum air gap membrane distillation system for desalination purposes. More particularly, this invention relates to a membrane distillation system with multiple cells in which the system's flux is increased due to the temperature and pressure differential within the system. The configuration of the vacuum air gap membrane distillation system allows for latent heat within the system to be recycled effectively reducing the energy consumption of the system.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy wherein a working liquid such as is evaporated to generate a stream of a working fluid. According to the invention, the stream of the working fluid is a stream of pressurized distillate produced by evaporation and condensation using a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) unit, said stream of pressurized distillate having a pressure of at least one bar, and a converter such as a turbine is used for generating mechanical energy from said stream of said pressurized distillate. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
摘要:
Vorrichtung zur osmotischen Destillation mit einer oder mehreren osmotischen Destillationsstufen, wobei jede osmotische Destillationsstufe mindestens einen eine aufzukonzentrierende Flüssigkeit führenden Strömungskanal und mindestens einen eine Zuglösung führenden Strömungskanal aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede osmotische Destillationsstufe einen Dampfraum aufweist, der durch mindestens eine dampfdurchlässige und flüssigkeitsdichte erste Membranwand von dem mindestens einen die aufzukonzentrierende Flüssigkeit führenden Strömungskanal getrennt ist und der durch mindestens eine dampfdurchlässige und flüssigkeitsdichte zweite Membranwand von dem mindestens einen die Zuglösung führenden Strömungskanal getrennt ist, so dass ein aus der aufzukonzentrierenden Flüssigkeit entstehender Dampf durch die mindestens eine erste Membranwand in den Dampfraum gelangt und Dampf aus dem Dampfraum durch die mindestens eine zweite Membranwand in die Zuglösung gelangt und dort kondensiert.
摘要:
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide structures or membranes including photothermal nanomaterials, devices including the structure, methods of use, methods of desalination, and the like.
摘要:
A porous membrane made from a poly(phenylene ether) copolymer has at least one of: a molecular weight cut off of less than 40 kilodaltons or a surface pore size of 0.001 to 0.1 micrometers. The porous membrane is made by dissolving the poly(phenylene ether) copolymer in a water-miscible polar aprotic solvent to form a porous membrane-forming composition; and phase-inverting the porous asymmetric membrane forming-composition in a first non-solvent composition to form the porous membrane. The porous membrane can be in the form of a sheet or a hollow fiber, and can be fabricated into separation modules.