Abstract:
A system for removing ammonia from wastewater includes a series of interconnected reactor tubes that each comprise an outer cathode and an inner cathode that is centrally positioned within the outer cathode to form a spacing through which wastewater may flow. At least one of the reactor tubes includes an electrode having a MMO coating. Hypochlorite or another chlorine based element can be supplied to wastewater prior to passing through the reactor tubes. The presence of the hypochlorite within the wastewater and the generation of chlorine by the MMO coated cathode result in an increased level of hypochlorite being present in the wastewater which speeds the breakdown of ammonia. A portion of the wastewater processed through the reactor tubes can be diverted through a feedback path to the input to the reactor tubes to increase the amount of hypochlorite present in the unprocessed wastewater.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for electrolyzing a source liquid (54) in an electrolytic device (10, 50, 300). The electrolytic device (10, 50, 300) includes a first cathode (20, 320) in a cathode chamber (14); and an anode (22, 322) and a second, auxiliary cathode (24, 324) in an anode chamber (16). The anode chamber (16) and cathode chamber (14) are separated by a barrier (18, 316), and the anode (22, 322) and the auxiliary cathode (24, 324) are separated by a gap (26) that lacks a barrier. While electrolyzing the source liquid with the electrolytic device (10, 50, 300), a level of current applied to the auxiliary cathode (24, 324) is adjusted in response to pH of an anolyte liquid (36) produced from the source liquid (32, 54) by the anode chamber (16) to maintain the pH within a desired range.
Abstract:
An electrochemical system and method are disclosed for On Site Generation (OSG) of oxidants, such as free available chlorine, mixed oxidants and persulfate. Operation at high current density, using at least a diamond anode, provides for higher current efficiency, extended lifetime operation, and improved cost efficiency. High current density operation, in either a single pass or recycle mode, provides for rapid generation of oxidants, with high current efficiency, which potentially allows for more compact systems. Beneficially, operation in reverse polarity for a short cleaning cycle manages scaling, provides for improved efficiency and electrode lifetime and allows for use of impure feedstocks without requiring water softeners. Systems have application for generation of chlorine or other oxidants, including mixed oxidants providing high disinfection rate per unit of oxidant, e.g. for water treatment to remove microorganisms or for degradation of organics in industrial waste water.
Abstract:
본 발명은 전해수 제조장치 중 염산을 전해질로 하여 차아염소산을 함유한 차아염소산수를 생성하는 전해수 제조장치에 관한 것으로, 전해질로서 염산을 수용하는 염산통; 염산통과 연결되고, 전극을 구비하며, 염산의 전기분해에 의해 고농도 염소용액을 함유하는 미산성 차아염소산수를 생성하는 전해조; 염산통과 전해조 사이에 설치되어 전해조에 염산을 공급하는 염산공급펌프; 및 전해조의 상부에 접속되고, 희석수가 통과하는 입구와 출구 사이에 형성되고 입구와 출구보다 관경이 작은 목부 및 이 목부와 전해조를 연통하는 도출관을 구비하며, 희석수가 통과할 때 목부에서 발생하는 압력저하에 의해 전해조에서 생성된 고농도 염소용액을 흡입하여 희석수로 희석시키면서 배출시키는 벤츄리관을 포함하는 미산성 차아염소산수 생성장치를 제공한다. 본 발명에 따른 미산성 차아염소산수 생성장치는 벤츄리관의 출구에 접속되는 배출관; 및 배출관에 삽입 설치되고, 무격막전해조에서 토출되는 고농도 염소용액과 희석수와의 접촉반응을 촉진시키는 스크류 블레이드를 추가로 구비하는 것이 바람직하고, 이때 스크류 블레이드는 유연성의 플라스틱 재질로 이루어지는 것이 바람직하다.
Abstract:
There are provided processes for treating wastewater. The processes can comprise treating a mixture comprising the wastewater and an activated sludge, in a single reactor, with an electric current having a density of less than about 55 A/m2, by means of at least one anode and at least one cathode that define therebetween an electrical zone for treating the mixture; exposing the mixture to an intermittent ON/OFF electrical exposure mode to the electric current in which an OFF period of time is about 1 to about 10 times longer than an ON period of time; and maintaining an adequate oxidation-reduction potential in the single reactor. Such processes allow for substantial removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater in the single reactor of various forms and for obtaining another mixture comprising a treated wastewater and solids.
Abstract:
The methods and systems disclosed here relate to treating water. In certain embodiments, a treatment system comprises an electrochemical water treatment device, a recirculating concentrate stream in fluid communication with the electrochemical water treatment device, a flow control device in fluid communication with a first flow path comprising acidic water and configured to be in fluid communication with the recirculating concentrate stream, and a second flow path comprising feed water and configured to be in fluid communication with the recirculating concentrate stream, and a control system in communication with the flow control device. The treatment system may further comprise a recirculating dilution stream in fluid communication with a second inlet and a second outlet of the electrochemical water treatment device.
Abstract:
Provided are water treatment apparatus and method for controlling water treatment apparatus. The water treatment apparatus includes a filtering unit including a deionizing filter removing total dissolved solids contained in inflow water by an application of power, a water output unit outputting water filtered by the filtering unit; and a control unit controlling power that is applied to the deionizing filter to control total dissolved solids (TDS) contained in water filtered by the deionizing filter, or a reduction rate of total dissolved solids by the deionizing filter.
Abstract:
A method of reducing naphthenic acids in a wastewater stream. The method begins by processing the wastewater stream to produce a treated wastewater stream with an electrocoagulation device to induce flocculation of the naphthenic acids. The reduction of the naphthenic acids in the wastewater stream occurs from separating flocculated naphthenic acids to produce the treated wastewater stream.