Abstract:
The present invention relates to a water purification process carried out in an electrochemical cell in which the content of nitrate ions of an aqueous solution is reduced providing a resulting aqueous solution having a concentration of nitrate concentration lower than 100 ppm, an ammonium concentration lower than 50 ppm and a combined chlorine concentration lower than 2 ppm. The invention also provides a method for designing an electrochemical cell suitable for carrying out said water purification process.
Abstract:
Processes, systems, and techniques for multivalent ion desalination of a feed water use an apparatus that has a cathode, an anode, and an electrodialysis cell located between the cathode and anode. The cell has a product chamber through which the feed water flows, a multivalent cation concentrating chamber on a cathodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent cation solution flows, and a multivalent anion concentrating chamber on an anodic side of the product chamber through which the concentrated multivalent anion solution flows. The product chamber and the multivalent cation concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share a cation exchange membrane, and the product chamber and the multivalent anion concentrating chamber are each bounded by and share an anion exchange membrane. A monovalent ion species is added to at least one of the concentrated multivalent cation solution and the concentrated multivalent anion solution.
Abstract:
A water processing system is provided for providing plasma-catalytic enhanced water that contributes to improved yield and growth of plants. The system may include a plasma power supply configured to initiate the plasma and regulate the plasma discharge current of a plasma discharge, a plasma discharge reactor connected to the plasma power supply and configured to generate the plasma discharge, a pump connected to a water source and configured to deliver water to a nozzle configured to spray water into the plasma discharge, a compressor connected to a gas source and configured to deliver a gas for the plasma discharge, and collector to collect the water after the water has passed through the plasma discharge. Methods of making and applying the plasma-catalytic enhanced water are also provided.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods of treating a fluid mixture, as well as to an electrochemical fluid treatment apparatus and a treatment plant or system. The methods include a method of treating a fluid mixture, the fluid mixture including an aqueous phase, a hydrophobic phase and aqueous contaminants, the method including the steps of: (i) performing a first electrochemical treatment on the mixture to at least partially separate the aqueous phase and the hydrophobic phase; and (ii) performing a second electrochemical treatment on the at least partially separated aqueous phase to thereby remove aqueous contaminants from the aqueous phase.
Abstract:
Apparatus for treating raw water in a biofilter The present invention relates to an apparatus in which raw water is treated through microbial activity where microbial activity is controlled by nutrients and other parameters. Some of the nutrients controlling the microbial activity are trace elements such as certain metals (Cu, Co, Cr, Mo, Ni, W, Zn or a mixture thereof). The apparatus comprising - a volume provided with an inlet (2) for raw water and an outlet (3) for water having been subjected to microbial activity, a filter and a trace element dosage device (13) are placed in this volume: - the filter comprises a filter material (4) including a porous filter material and a microbial biomass, the filter material is either stationary relative to the volume or comprises a particulate material, the filter material (4) is inserted in a fluid flow path generated by water flowing in direction from the inlet (2) to the outlet (3) or in the reverse direction, - the trace element dosage device (13) is positioned upstream of the porous filter material and microbial biomass and is configured to dose trace element(s) to the water flowing through the filter. A method for treating raw water by microbial activity whereby trace elements are dosed upstream of the filter is also claimed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a three-compartment electrolytic cell for production of oxidising disinfectant solutions. The intermediate compartment (300) of the cell is separated from the anodic compartment (200) by a fibrous diaphragm (321) in intimate contact with an anion-exchange membrane (320). The diaphragm (321) is formed by a network of organic polymer fibres mechanically bound to ceramic particles. The cathodic compartment (400) is separated from the intermediate compartment (300) by a cation-exchange membrane (340). Within intermediate compartment (300) a saturated solution of sodium chloride (510) is recycled. Inside tank (500) a decomposition catalyst is contained.
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods to predict the occurrence of polarization and the design and operation of electrochemical systems to maintain a current density below the limiting current density and avoid instability.
Abstract:
수족관에 사용되는 사멸 장치의 컨트롤러에 있어서, 상기 사멸 장치는, 제1 전도성 메쉬, 제2 전도성 메쉬, 및 제1 전도성 메쉬와 제2 전도성 메쉬 사이에 위치되어, 제1 전도성 메쉬와 제2 전도성 메쉬를 절연시키는 스페이서를 포함하고, 상기 컨트롤러는 상기 제1 전도성 메쉬와 상기 제2 전도성 메쉬에 전압의 극성을 교번적으로 인가하는 것을 특징으로 하는 수족관에 사용되는 사멸 장치의 컨트롤러가 개시된다.