Abstract:
Water treatment systems and methods are provided to minimize membrane fouling and the required maintenance that results therefrom. A water treatment system includes a pressure vessel with a plurality of spaced-apart membranes circularly disposed therein, and an impeller or other means for circulating feed water through the interior of the vessel and past the membranes. Antifouling particles (such as diatomaceous earth or activated carbon) and/or pellets can be added to the feed water inhibit membrane fouling and extend the useful life of the membranes. A feed spacer element having a window-pane pattern can be disposed between adjacent membrane leaves to reduce membrane fouling.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a membrane filtration device and process affording high velocity cross flow membrane purging via cyclonic spiraling flow; hydraulically induced about stacked plate type membrane configurations. No piping, conduits or other flow impediments are enclosed to generate streamline or shadow depositions, and periodic reversals of cyclonic flow for enhanced membrane scouring and flushing may be employed.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for preventing microbial growth on a filtration membrane during desalination process. The method comprises that the membrane is exposed to a low concentration of performic acid by continuously or intermittently introducing performic acid to the membrane surface. When performic acid is added according to the present invention to the water flow, there is no significant reduction in the water flux through the membrane.
Abstract:
Ion Concentration Polarization (ICP) purification devices and methods for building massively-parallel implementations of the same, said devices being suitable for separation of salts, heavy metals and biological contaminants from source water.
Abstract:
Provided is a filtering apparatus having a fixed-type chaos-flow inducer that saves energy as well as sufficiently washes a separation membrane in an environment of high concentration by efficiently generating chaos flow by using a structure of a fixed type.
Abstract:
Disclosed is an aeration unit capable of cleaning all the hollow fiber membranes in a filtering apparatus sufficiently and uniformly thereby improving the filtration efficiency and a filtering apparatus comprising the same. An aeration unit of the present invention comprises a plurality of aeration tubes parallel to each other, each of the aeration tubes comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end; and a first common pipe in fluid communication with the aeration tubes through the first ends of the aeration tubesto provide the aeration tubes with air. The first common pipe is perpendicular to the aeration tubes. The closer to both ends of the first common pipe the aeration tubes are, themore densely the aeration tubes are arranged.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a fitting for distributing a gas flow to two or more flow ducts, wherein the fitting has an inlet connecting piece (20) and two or more separate outlet connecting pieces (21, 22), wherein upstream of each outlet connecting piece (21, 22) there is arranged a disc valve, wherein the disc valve inserts (15, 16) of two or more disc valves are kinematically coupled, and to a method for cleaning filter elements (4) immersed in a basin (1), in particular diaphragm filters, by aeration of the filter elements by means of gas bubbles which are introduced into the basin (1) below the filter elements (4) via aerators (5), wherein a gas flow for aerating the filter elements (4) is generated by means of a blower (7), wherein the gas flow is distributed by means of a fitting to two or more aerators (5), wherein the distribution of the gas flow takes place discontinuously, such that a pulsed aeration of the filter elements (4) of varying duration takes place at irregular intervals.
Abstract:
A method for improving the performance of a membrane for use in a membrane distillation process, and a membrane produced by the method are provided. The method includes subjecting the membrane to a pressure difference across the membrane in order to open the semi-closed pores, closed pores, or both semi-closed and closed pores in the membrane.