摘要:
Method for treating effluent waste from a cation-exchange column regeneration cycle, including backwashing the column; regenerating the column using rinse water and regenerant brine having a temperature warmer than room temperature, thereby forming waste effluent containing divalent cations; precipitating the divalent cations in a precipitation reactor at a temperature warmer than room temperature; filtering precipitation effluent; optionally, adjusting the filtered precipitation effluent pH; concentrating the filtered precipitation effluent via membrane-based water recovery, thereby forming separated concentrated salt and pure rinse water; and recirculating separated concentrated salt and pure rinse water back to the column for a subsequent regeneration cycle. Also, a system including an exhausted cation-exchange column; a chemical precipitation reactor; a filtration unit; an optional pH adjustment unit; and a membrane-based water recovery unit, wherein the system is a closed-loop through which salt and rinse water having a temperature warmer than room temperature recirculate.
摘要:
Vorrichtung zur osmotischen Destillation mit einer oder mehreren osmotischen Destillationsstufen, wobei jede osmotische Destillationsstufe mindestens einen eine aufzukonzentrierende Flüssigkeit führenden Strömungskanal und mindestens einen eine Zuglösung führenden Strömungskanal aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede osmotische Destillationsstufe einen Dampfraum aufweist, der durch mindestens eine dampfdurchlässige und flüssigkeitsdichte erste Membranwand von dem mindestens einen die aufzukonzentrierende Flüssigkeit führenden Strömungskanal getrennt ist und der durch mindestens eine dampfdurchlässige und flüssigkeitsdichte zweite Membranwand von dem mindestens einen die Zuglösung führenden Strömungskanal getrennt ist, so dass ein aus der aufzukonzentrierenden Flüssigkeit entstehender Dampf durch die mindestens eine erste Membranwand in den Dampfraum gelangt und Dampf aus dem Dampfraum durch die mindestens eine zweite Membranwand in die Zuglösung gelangt und dort kondensiert.
摘要:
The invention discloses a method for the pervaporation and vapor-permeation separation of a gas-liquid mixture or a liquid mixture by a SAPO-34 molecular sieve membrane prepared in a dry gel process, comprising: 1) synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve seeds; 2) coating the SAPO-34 seeds on a porous support; 3) preparation of a mother liquor for dry gel synthesis of SAPO-34 molecular sieve membrane; 4) supporting the mother liquor for dry gel synthesis on the porous support coated with SAPO molecular sieve seeds and drying; 5) placing the porous support prepared in step 4) into a reaction vessel, adding a solvent, performing crystallization of the dry gel; 6) calcining; 7) using the SAPO-34 molecular sieve membrane obtained from step 6) to perform separation of a gas-liquid mixture or a liquid mixture by a process of pervaporation separation or vapor-permeation separation. The invention has the advantages of very high methanol selectivity and permeation flux, lowering synthesis cost of molecular sieve membrane and lowering environment pollution.
摘要:
A porous asymmetric membrane comprises a hydrophobic polymer comprising a poly(phenylene ether) or poly(phenylene ether) copolymer; and a polymer additive. A separation module can be fabricated from the porous asymmetric membrane. A method of forming the porous asymmetric membrane comprises: dissolving a hydrophobic polymer comprising a poly(phenylene ether) or poly(phenylene ether) copolymer and, a polymer additive in a water-miscible polar aprotic solvent to form a porous asymmetric membrane-forming composition; and phase-inverting the porous asymmetric membrane forming-composition in a first non-solvent composition to form the porous asymmetric membrane. The polymer additive comprises hydrophilic functional groups, copolymerized hydrophilic monomers, or blocks of hydrophilic monomer repeat units. For example, the polymer additive can comprise a hydrophilic polymer or amphiphilic polymer. The porous asymmetric membrane can be a flat membrane or hollow fiber.
摘要:
A porous membrane made from a poly(phenylene ether) copolymer has at least one of: a molecular weight cut off of less than 40 kilodaltons or a surface pore size of 0.001 to 0.1 micrometers. The porous membrane is made by dissolving the poly(phenylene ether) copolymer in a water-miscible polar aprotic solvent to form a porous membrane-forming composition; and phase-inverting the porous asymmetric membrane forming-composition in a first non-solvent composition to form the porous membrane. The porous membrane can be in the form of a sheet or a hollow fiber, and can be fabricated into separation modules.
摘要:
Procedimiento de tratamiento de corrientes acuosas salinas, en particular de efluentes salinos, mediante destilación por membrana con tratamientos previos, para eliminar la dureza cálcica total y la dureza cálcica permanente y la presencia de sulfatos en efluentes salinos, más particularmente en salmueras residuales de plantas desaladoras. El sistema permite concentrar las salmueras por encima de 37% en peso, es decir, por encima de la saturación, lo que permite reducir considerablemente el volumen de la salmuera, adecuarla para otros usos industriales y producir agua pura.
摘要:
A heat and mass exchanger system is described. The heat and mass exchange system can include a plurality of exchange components extending across a heat and mass exchanger (HMX) duct, where a flow through the HMX duct is cross-flow relative to said exchange components. The exchange components can include a plurality of first elongated, hollow conduits and a plurality of second elongated, hollow conduit, where either the first elongated, hollow conduits or the second elongated, hollow conduits have water vapor permeabie exterior walls, and a carrier air stream and a liquid desiccant stream flow in contact with opposite sides of the water vapor permeable exterior walls.
摘要:
A liquid desiccant regeneration system and method of liquid desiccant regeneration are described. The liquid desiccant regeneration system includes a liquid desiccant regenerator having an engine producing a heated exit stream, and at least one dehydrating tube comprising a first water vapor permeable wall. A low concentration liquid desiccant stream feeds into the liquid desiccant regenerator, while a high concentration liquid desiccant stream exiting the liquid desiccant regenerator. A carrier stream and the low concentration liquid desiccant are in contact with opposite sides of the first water vapor permeable wall, and the low concentration liquid desiccant stream is heated by heat from the heated exit stream to drive water from the low concentration liquid desiccant stream through the first water vapor permeable wall to the carrier stream to form a humidified carrier stream. As a result, the desiccant concentration in the high concentration liquid desiccant stream is higher than a desiccant concentration in the low concentration liquid desiccant stream.
摘要:
A process for preparing an ion-exchange membrane having a textured surface profile comprising the steps(i) and (ii): (i) screen-printing a radiation-curable composition onto a membrane in a patterned manner; and (ii) irradiating and thereby curing the printed, radiation-curable composition; wherein the radiation-curable composition has a viscosity of at least 30 Pa.s when measured at a shear rate of 0.1 s -1 at 20°C.