Abstract:
A sub-beam aperture array for forming a plurality of sub-beams from one or more charged particle beams. The sub-beam aperture array comprises one or more beam areas, each beam area comprising a plurality of sub-beam apertures arranged in a non-regular hexagonal pattern, the sub-beam apertures arranged so that, when projected in a first direction onto a li parallel to a second direction, the sub-beam apertures are uniformly spaced along the line, a wherein the first direction is different from the second direction. The system further comprises a beamlet aperture array with a plurality of beamlet apertures arranged in one or more groups. The beamlet aperture array is arranged to receive the sub-beams and form a plurality of beamlets at the locations of the beamlet apertures of the beamlet array.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a substrate processing apparatus (10) comprising a support frame (60), a radiation projection system (20) for projecting radiation onto a substrate to be processed, a substrate support structure (30) for supporting the substrate, and a fluid transfer system (150). The radiation projection system comprises a cooling arrangement (130) and is supported by and vibrationally decoupled from the support frame such that vibrations of the support frame above a predetermined maximum frequency are substantially decoupled from the radiation projection system. The fluid transfer system comprises at least one tube (140) fixed at two points (151,152), and comprises a flexible portion. A substantial part of the flexible portion extends over a plane substantially parallel to the substrate support structure surface. The stiffness of the flexible portion is adapted to substantially decouple vibrations at the second fixed point which are above the predetermined maximum frequency from the first fixed point.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for splitting a pattern for use in a multi-beamlet lithography apparatus. The method comprises providing an input pattern to be exposed onto a target surface by means of a plurality of beamlets of the multi-beamlet lithography apparatus. Within the input pattern first and second regions are identified. A first region is a region that is exclusively exposable by a single beamlet of the plurality of beamlets. A second region is a region that is exposable by more than one beamlet of the plurality of beamlets. On the basis of an assessment of the first and second regions it is determined what portion of the pattern is to be exposed by each beamlet.
Abstract:
A charged particle lithography system for transferring a pattern onto the surface of a target, comprising a beam generator for generating a plurality of charged particle beamlets, the plurality of beamlets defining a column, and a plurality of aperture array elements comprising a first aperture array, a blanker array, a beam stop array, and a projection lens array. Each aperture array element comprises a plurality of apertures arranged in a plurality of groups, the apertures for letting the beamlets pass through the aperture array element, wherein the groups of apertures of each aperture array element form beam areas distinct and separate from a plurality of non-beam areas formed between the beam areas and containing no apertures for passage of the beamlets, and wherein the beam areas of the aperture array elements are aligned to form beam shafts, each comprising a plurality of beamlets, and the non-beam areas of the aperture array elements are aligned to form non-beam shafts not having beamlets present therein. The first aperture array element is provided with cooling channels adapted for transmission of a cooling medium for cooling the first aperture array element, the cooling channels being provided in the non-beam areas of the first aperture array element.
Abstract:
A charged particle lithography system for transferring a pattern onto the surface of a target. The system comprises a beam generator (3) for generating a plurality of charged particle beamlets, the plurality of beamlets defining a column, a beam stop array (10) having a surface for blocking beamlets from reaching the target surface and an array of apertures in the surface for allowing the beamlets to reach the target surface, and a modulation (9) device for modulating the beamlets to prevent one or more of the beamlets from reaching the target surface or allow one or more of the beamlets to reach the target surface, by deflecting or not deflecting the beamlets so that the beamlets are blocked or not blocked by the beam stop array. The modulation device comprises a plurality of apertures arranged in arrays for letting the beamlets pass through the modulation device, a plurality of modulators (30) arranged in arrays, each modulator provided with electrodes (32, 34) extending on opposing sides of an aperture for generating a voltage difference across the aperture, and a plurality of light sensitive elements (40) arranged in arrays, for receiving modulated light beams and converting the light beams into electric signals for actuating the modulators, wherein the light sensitive elements are located within the column, wherein the modulation device is subdivided into a plurality of alternating beam areas (51) and non-beam areas (52), the arrays of modulators are located in the beam areas, and the arrays of light sensitive elements are located in the non-beam areas and are in communication with the modulators in an adjacent beam area.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for converting a polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The dehvatized (di) anhydro sugars are useful as fuel additives and fuel substitutes.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of clamping a substrate (22) on a surface of a substrate support structure (23). First, a liquid is applied on a surface of the substrate support structure. The surface is provided with a plurality of contact elements. The liquid is applied such that the contact elements are fully covered by a liquid layer. Then the substrate is provided and placed onto the liquid layer. Finally, liquid underneath the substrate is removed such that the substrate rests on the plurality of contact elements and is clamped by means of a capillary clamping force exerted by a capillary layer of the liquid between the substrate and the surface of the substrate support structure.
Abstract:
A vacuum chamber (400) comprising a plurality of wall panels (510) enclosing an interior space, in which the wall panels are removably attached to form the chamber using a plurality of connection members (504, 524, 528) for locating the wall panels in a predetermined arrangement. The vacuum chamber further comprises one or more sealing members (522) provided at the edges of the wall panels. The wall panels are arranged so that a vacuum tight seal is formed at the edges of the wall panels as a result of forming a vacuum in the interior space.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a charged particle lithography system for exposing a target. The system includes a charged particle beam generator for generating a charged particle beam; an aperture array (6) for forming a plurality of beamlets from the charged particle beam; and a beamlet projector (12) for projecting the beamlets onto a surface of the target. The charged particle beam generator includes a charged particle source (3) for generating a diverging charged particle beam; a collimator system (5a,5b,5c,5d; 72;300) for refracting the diverging charged particle beam; and a cooling arrangement (203) for removing heat from the collimator system, the cooling arrangement comprising a body surrounding at least a portion of the collimator system.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a modulation device for modulating charged particle beamlets in accordance with pattern data in a multi-beamlet charged particle lithography system. The device comprises a plate-like body, an array of beamlet deflectors, a plurality of power supply terminals (202-205) for supplying at least two different voltages, a plurality of control circuits, and a conductive slab (201) for supplying electrical power to one or more of the power supply terminals (202-205). The plate-like body is divided into an elongated beam area (51) and an elongated non-beam area (52) positioned with their long edges adjacent to each other. The beamlet deflectors are located in the beam area. The control circuits are located in non-beam area. The conductive slab is connected to the control circuits in the non-beam area. The conductive slab comprises a plurality of thin conductive plates (202-205).