Abstract:
The invention relates to an electrolytic cell (1) intended for production of aluminium including at least one collector bar (6) made of first metal and at least one complementary bar (20, 20') made of a second metal having an electrical conductivity greater than the first metal and arranged adjacent to one of the side faces of the collector bar (6) so that the external end (202, 202') of the complementary bar (20, 20') is at a specified distance A, A' from a specified end face (51, 51') of the block (5). The second end (202, 202') preferably terminates so as to limit heat losses from said cell (1). The invention makes it possible to obtain significantly lower voltage drops than known cells while avoiding excessive heat losses through the collector bars.
Abstract:
Process for manufacturing alumina trihydrate by alkaline attack of bauxite, following the general steps of the Bayer process, and during which, after settling and before decomposition, the aluminate liquor undergoes a filtration, known as security filtration, so that at the end of the filtration it contains less than 10 mg/l of insoluble particles, characterized in that, during said security filtration, a filtration device is used that comprises a zone in which the liquor is subjected, after passing through said filtration media, to a pressure greater than 2 bar, preferably greater than 3 bar. Preferably, this device also comprises a zone in which the liquor is subjected, before passing through the filtration media, to a pressure greater than 5 bar, preferably greater than 6, typically in the vicinity of 7 bar. In this way, the aluminate liquor can be kept at a high temperature during the security filtration, typically greater than 130°C, preferably greater than 140°C, and be brought to a high degree of supersaturation Rp, typically greater than 1.25, without risk of reversion.
Abstract:
A label (10) for a soft drink bottle or other container. The label is an elongated strip of flexible material having first and second ends (16, 18), inner and outer surfaces (12, 14) and upper and lower edges (20, 22). A first quantity of adhesive (16) is applied to the inner surface of the strip adjacent to the first end, a second quantity of adhesive (26A, 26B, 26C) is applied to the inner surface of the strip adjacent to the second end, and a third quantity of adhesive (34) is applied to the inner surface of the strip in a region spaced from the first and second ends. A tear line (30) extends laterally across the strip between the upper and lower edges, the tear line being positioned adjacent to the third quantity of adhesive between the third quantity of adhesive and the second end of the strip, and defines an adhesive-free area on the inner surface between the tear line and the second quantity of adhesive. The material of the strip comprising a tamper-evident layer that provides clear indication of peeling of the second end of the strip and/or tearing along the tear line. The invention also relates to a container with such a label and apparatus for applying the label.
Abstract:
A child-proof package (10) for tablets (12) and the like, features a blister pack (18B, 18C) with at least one blister (22) which is closed off by a push-through type foil lid (24), the blister (22) serving the purpose of accommodating the tablets (12). The push-through type foil lid (24) of the blister pack (18B, 18C) lies against a wall part and relative to which it can be displaced by sliding so that, when in a position suitable for opening, the blister (22) lies in line with openings in the wall part and the tablets (12) can be pushed through the openings. The blister pack (18B, 18C) is arranged between a rear wall part (14B, 14C) and a front part (16B, 16C), and the wall part with the openings lies between the rear wall part (14B, 14C) and the foil lid (24). The blisters (22) can be displaced by sliding into opening slits (44) and the openings in the inner wall part are covered over by a tear-off strip (26) in the rear wall part (14B, 14C) and can be separted from it along a line of weakness forming a longitudinal slit.
Abstract:
This invention relates to a method of making a composite aluminium brazing sheet, which method comprises: providing a core sheet of a first Al alloy and a cladding sheet of a second Al alloy, wherein a) the composition of the first Al alloy is different from the composition of the second Al alloy, b) the thickness of the core sheet is greater than the thickness of the cladding sheet, and c) the hardness of the core sheet is different than the hardness of the cladding sheet, cleaning facing surfaces of the core sheet and of the cladding sheet; and cold rolling the core sheet with the cladding sheet so as to roll bond them to make a composite aluminium sheet. Also disclosed is a brazing sheet comprising a core layer of a first Al alloy containing Mg and a cladding layer of a second Al alloy.
Abstract:
The dual-function impeller can be rotated in molten metal in a direction of rotation, as part of a rotary injector. The impeller can have a body having an axis, a plurality of blades circumferentially interspaced around an axis, and an aperture coinciding with the axis. The blades having both a radially extending portion facing the direction of rotation and collectively generating a radial flow component upon said rotation, and a slanted portion also facing the direction of rotation, inclined relative to a radial plane, and collectively generating an axial flow component directed away from the rotary injector upon said rotation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an aluminium smelter (1) comprising: (i) a series of electrolytic cells (2) intended for the production of aluminium, forming one or more rows (F); (ii) a power-feeding station (12) intended to supply the series of electrolytic cells (2) with electrolysis current (I1), said power-feeding station (12) comprising two poles; (iii) a main electric circuit (15) through which the electrolysis current (I1) flows, said electric circuit having two ends each connected to one of the poles of the power-feeding station (12); and (iv) at least one electrical conductor made from a superconducting material. The aluminium smelter is characterised in that the superconducting electrical conductor is placed fully or partially inside a chamber (20) forming a magnetic loop.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an aluminium smelter (1) comprising: (i) a series of electrolytic cells (2) intended for the production of aluminium, forming one or more rows (F); (ii) a power-feeding station (12) intended to supply the series of electrolytic cells (2) with electrolysis current (I1), said power-feeding station (12) comprising two poles; (iii) a main electric circuit (15) through which the electrolysis current (I1) flows, said circuit having two ends each connected to one of the poles of the power-feeding station (12); and (iv) at least one secondary electric circuit (16-17) comprising an electrical conductor made from a superconducting material, through which a current (I2, I3) flows, and extending alongside the row(s) (F) of electrolytic cells (2). The aluminium smelter is characterised in that the superconducting electrical conductor of the secondary electric circuit (16, 17) extends alongside the row(s) (F) of electrolytic cells (2) at least twice, thereby forming multiple turns in series.
Abstract:
An apparatus is provided for the treatment of molten metal, e.g. aluminum, with a particulate treatment agent and a gas. This includes a vessel for holding molten metal, a rotary device for breaking up particulate treatment agent and gas within the molten metal and for dispersing particulate treatment agent and gas within the molten metal contained in the vessel and means for supplying the particulate treatment agent and gas to the rotary device. The rotary device includes a hollow shaft having a rotor with an axial opening fixed to the discharge end of the shaft, this rotor being in the form of an annular plate with a plurality of radially mounted upwardly directed blades projecting from the top face of the annular plate and a plurality of radially mounted downwardly directed blades projecting from the bottom face of the annular plate.
Abstract:
A process is described for forming a structure of aluminum sheet components by spot welding the aluminum sheet components. In the process, aluminum sheet components are pretreated in a single step to both clean and increase the surface resistivity thereof by contacting the aluminum sheets with a pretreatment solution comprising a blend of sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid to clean the surface and generate a surface coating acting as a barrier film to increase the surface resistivity of the sheets. Thereafter the sheet components are secured together by spot welding.