Abstract:
The present invention relates to a diaphragm type electrolytic cell and process of production of commercial quantities of hydrogen from the electrolysis of water. The utilization of both alkaline and acidic electrolyte solutions within the electrolytic cell assists to increase the production of hydrogen and oxygen. Additionally, the efficiency of the electrolytic cell is increased due to the elimination of unwanted side reactions.
Abstract:
A process for producing and reducing an iron ore briquette, the process comprising the steps of: a. combining together a comminuted iron bearing material, a comminuted carbonaceous material, a fluxing material and a primary binder material to form a briquette mixture; b. adding a metallic particulate material to the briquette mixture; c. adding hot water and a secondary binder material to the briquette mixture; d. kneading the briquette mixture together; e. compacting the briquette mixture under pressure to form a green briquette, f. subjecting the green briquette to a primary curing to form a stable iron ore briquette or pre-heating the green briquette by conventional or induction heating means up to a temperature of 800°C; and g. feeding the green briquette or pre-heated green briquette to a furnace to produce pig iron, wherein when the iron ore briquette is subjected to electromagnetic radiation, the metallic particulate material dispersed within the iron ore briquette promotes formation of increased reactivity or seed sites and thereby increase the reduction of the iron ore briquette to form pig iron.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is an efficient and high capacity electrical energy storage device consisting of diaphragm-less anode and cathode cells charging and discharging an electrolyte containing suitable ions that store electrical energy during the charging cycle and release the electrical energy during the discharge cycle. The charge-discharge reactions are reversible so that the efficiency does not reduce with the number of cycles and efficiency is maintained until the last of the charged electrolyte passes through the cells.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to the application of high electrical conductivity electrodes in whatever type of the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to substantially reduce power consumption. The high electrical conductivity electrodes are selected from copper electrodes or graphene electrodes and are coated with a catalyst. Type of electrolysis may be conventional diaphragm or membrane type, diaphragm-less or Unipolar electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus to modify the conventional proton exchange membrane fuel cell by applying a proton exchange semiconductor membrane that allows electrons to migrate from the catholde to the anode and cylindrical-conical fuel cell elements that allow internally stacking the fuel cell elements by a simple method. These modifications in the operating principle and construction configuration of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are designed to result in a major increase in the power density output necessary for transport vehicle and stationary power generation applications.
Abstract:
A process to convert carbon dioxide into a stable substance with electrolytically activated seawater and use this process to sequester carbon dioxide from coal power plants (82) and similar carbon dioxide producing equipment, and capture and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Electrolytically activated seawater (92) is produced using a unipolar electrolytic cell (91) and is sprayed into a contacting tower (93) or into the air.
Abstract:
The commercial unipolar activation of water to disinfect raw water supply from rivers or wells, seawater, or waste water from sewage, animal waste, processing plant waste, cooling tower water, swimming pool and spa water, ship ballast water and similar polluted waters. Disinfection is accomplished by hydrogen peroxide and ozone including biocides from chlorine and sulphur compounds in the water that are produced during the electrolytic unipolar activation of the water. Unipolar activation can also be used to perform chemical reactions such as in the activation of seawater. This invention can also produce alkaline water that is beneficial for health.
Abstract:
A process for producing and reducing an iron ore briquette, the process comprising the steps of: a. combining together a comminuted iron bearing material, a comminuted carbonaceous material, a fluxing material and a primary binder material to form a briquette mixture; b. adding a metallic particulate material to the briquette mixture; c. adding hot water and a secondary binder material to the briquette mixture; d. kneading the briquette mixture together; e. compacting the briquette mixture under pressure to form a green briquette, f. subjecting the green briquette to a primary curing to form a stable iron ore briquette or pre-heating the green briquette by conventional or induction heating means up to a temperature of 800°C; and g. feeding the green briquette or pre-heated green briquette to a furnace to produce pig iron, wherein when the iron ore briquette is subjected to electromagnetic radiation, the metallic particulate material dispersed within the iron ore briquette promotes formation of increased reactivity or seed sites and thereby increase the reduction of the iron ore briquette to form pig iron.
Abstract:
A process and apparatus are described for extracting oil and gas from deep oil shale and tar sand deposits using pulsed electric energy in situ between electrodes placed in wells to preferentially affect kerogen bonds within the oil shale. In a preferred embodiment recycled gases or solvents are used to assist in recovering oil from the oil shale or tar sand wells. In another preferred embodiment oil shale or tar sands are mined, comminuted and exposed to electromagnetic energy in a surface installation for recovery of oil and gas.
Abstract:
An apparatus for electrolysing seawater is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises diaphragm-less electrolytic cells comprising an anode and a cathode. The anode comprises a plurality of anode cells in series and the cathode comprises a plurality of cathode cells in series to control the cell voltage and substantially prevent the production of oxygen and chlorine in the cells while hydrogen is being produced. Also disclosed is a membrane type Unipolar electrolytic cell when used to process alkaline seawater to produce twice the hydrogen and oxygen compared to a conventional electrolysis of seawater.