Abstract:
Volume holographic gratings are used to spectrally combine the emissions from multiple sources into a single output beam. Transmission of reflection gratings are utilized with either laser diode bars, fiber lasers, or fiber collimated light sources. The volume holographic spectral combiner can also be used to feedback and stabilize the wavelength of the sources in an external cavity configuration.
Abstract:
A field test-kit for analyzing arsenic concentration in water samples is provided. The kit includes a portable infrared beam photometer for measuring light absorbance in aqueous specimens. An infrared light emitting diode is configured to direct a beam of light through a specimen. A photodetector diode measures the intensity of light passing through the specimen. The photodetector output voltages relate to the light absorbed in the specimen and are displayed on a liquid crystal display screen. The kit is assembled using off-the-shelf electronic and opto-electronic components that have low power requirements. Dry cell batteries or solar cells power the kit. To test for arsenic, molybdenum based chemistries are used to selectively bind and convert arsenates and phosphates in the specimen into molybdenum-blue color complexes. The light absorbance of a specimen with both arsenates and phosphates bound in molybdenum-blue color complexes is compared to that of a reference specimen in which phosphates but not arsenates are bound and converted. The differential light absorbance of the two specimens is used to arrive at a quantitative value for the arsenic concentration in the water sample.
Abstract:
Volume holographic gratings are used to spectrally combine the emissions from multiple sources into a single output beam. Transmission of reflection gratings are utilized with either laser diode bars, fiber lasers, or fiber collimated light sources. The volume holographic spectral combiner can also be used to feedback and stabilize the wavelength of the sources in an external cavity configuration.
Abstract:
A laser utilizes feedback from a volume holographic grating integrated in a collimating lens as a wavelength standard to lock the laser output wavelength to its desired value. This feedback is optical, wherein a volume hologram reflection grating is used to generate optical feedback into the laser gain region. Fabrication of the integrated volume hologram grating lens elements is by either first recording the grating in a rectangular parallelepiped of material and then shaping the lens from it, or alternatively by first shaping the material into the desired shape and then recording the grating with the use of an apparatus composed of an optical block within which a cavity is present to accept the lens and index matching fluid.
Abstract:
A method is presented for shaping the spectral response of volume holographic grating elements by applying controlled thermal energy. The methods allow generating continuous or discontinuous grating periods from a fixed grating period. The methods are applicable to optical feedback into optical sources such as light emitting diodes, lasers and other general optical filtering applications.
Abstract:
A field test-kit for analyzing arsenic concentration in water samples incudes a portable infrared beam photometer for measuring light absorbance in aqueous specimens. An infrared ligth emittng diode (120A, 120B) is configured to direct a beam of light through a specimen. A photodetecotr diode (130A, 130B) measures the intensity of light passing through the specimen. The photodetector (130A, 130B) output voltages relate to the light absorbed in the specimen and are displayed on a LCD (160) screen. To test for arsenic, molybdenum-blue color complexes. The light absorbance of a specimen with both arsenates and phosphates bound in molybdenum-blue color complexes is compared to that of a reference specimen in which phosphates but not arsenates are bound and converted. A quantitative value for the arsenic concentration in the water sample is determined from the differential light absorbance of the two specimens.
Abstract:
A laser utilizes feedback from a volume holographic grating integrated in a collimating lens as a wavelength standard to lock the laser output wavelength to its desired value. This feedback is optical, wherein a volume hologram reflection grating is used to generate optical feedback into the laser gain region. Fabrication of the integrated volume hologram grating lens elements is by either first recording the grating in a rectangular parallelepiped of material and then shaping the lens from it, or alternatively by first shaping the material into the desired shape and then recording the grating with the use of an apparatus composed of an optical block within which a cavity is present to accept the lens and index matching fluid.
Abstract:
A field test-kit for analyzing arsenic concentration in water samples incudes a portable infrared beam photometer for measuring light absorbance in aqueous specimens. An infrared ligth emittng diode (120A, 120B) is configured to direct a beam of light through a specimen. A photodetecotr diode (130A, 130B) measures the intensity of light passing through the specimen. The photodetector (130A, 130B) output voltages relate to the light absorbed in the specimen and are displayed on a LCD (160) screen. To test for arsenic, molybdenum-blue color complexes. The light absorbance of a specimen with both arsenates and phosphates bound in molybdenum-blue color complexes is compared to that of a reference specimen in which phosphates but not arsenates are bound and converted. A quantitative value for the arsenic concentration in the water sample is determined from the differential light absorbance of the two specimens.