Abstract:
A radiation source is constructed and arranged to produce extreme ultraviolet radiation. The radiation source includes a chamber, a first electrode at least partially contained in the chamber, a second electrode at least partially contained in the chamber, and a supply constructed and arranged to provide a discharge gas to the chamber. The first electrode and the second electrode are configured to create a discharge in the discharge gas to form a plasma so as to generate the extreme ultraviolet radiation. The source also includes a gas supply constructed and arranged to provide a gas at a partial pressure between about (1) Pa and about (10) Pa at a location near the discharge. The gas is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, helium, and a mixture of hydrogen and helium.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first radiation dose detector and a second radiation dose detector, each detector comprising a secondary electron emission surface configured to receive a radiation flux and to emit secondary electrons due to the receipt of the radiation flux, the first radiation dose detector located upstream with respect to the second radiation dose detector viewed with respect to a direction of radiation transmission, and a meter, connected to each detector, to detect a current or voltage resulting from the secondary electron emission from the respective electron emission surface.
Abstract:
A lithographic apparatus configured to project a patterned beam of radiation onto a target portion of a substrate is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first radiation dose detector (10A) and a second radiation dose detector (10B), each detector comprising a secondary electron emission surface (11) configured to receive a radiation flux and to emit secondary electrons due to the receipt of the radiation flux, the first radiation dose detector located upstream with respect to the second radiation dose detector viewed with respect to a direction of radiation transmission, and a meter (13), connected to each detector, to detect a current or voltage resulting from the secondary electron emission from the respective electron emission surface.
Abstract:
An apparatus for forming a beam of electromagnetic radiation includes a plasma radiation source (24), and a foil trap (25) provided with a plurality of thin foils (20) that extend substantially parallel to the direction of radiation from the plasma source (20). A grid (22) is disposed between the plasma radiation source (20) and the foil trap (24). A space is located between the grid (22) and the foil trap (24). The apparatus also include an electrical potential application circuit (28) that is constructed and arranged to apply an electrical potential to the grid (22) so that the grid (22) repels electrons emitted by the plasma radiation source (22) and creates a positive space charge between the grid (20) and the foil trap (24) to deflect ions emitted by the plasma radiation source (20) to the foil trap (24).