Abstract:
The present invention relates to a wash column apparatus for the use in a suspension crystallization process for separating crystals from a crystal suspension mixture composed of crystals and mother liquor comprising: a cylindrical vessel, wherein the cylindrical vessel comprises: -a piston with a piston head and a piston rod, wherein the piston is arranged reciprocatingly movable in the cylindrical vessel, wherein the piston bounds above the piston head a wash chamber inside the vessel and wherein the piston head comprises at least one filter means, -an inlet for supplying a crystal suspension mixture composed of crystals and mother liquor into the cylindrical vessel, -an outlet for discharging mother liquor from the cylindrical vessel, -an outlet for discharging crystals and/or crystal melt from the cylindrical vessel, -a circulation conduit for circulating melt arranged outside the vessel, which is in communication with the wash chamber, -a means arranged in the wash chamber for restricting the movement of the crystal bed that has been compacted in the wash chamber by the piston and for directing the wash liquid entering into the cylindrical vessel from the circulation conduit so as to homogeneously distribute it over the entire cross-section of the wash column, wherein the means is a static grid element comprising at least one element,which is at least substantially vertically extending,and at least one cavity,which is at least substantially vertically extending, wherein the at least one cavity,which is at least substantially vertically extending,is open at its upper and lower ends, but 39 otherwise at least partially closed, wherein substantially vertically extending means that the longitudinal axis of the at least one element and of the at least one cavity extends at an angle of 0 to 60° to the vertical direction.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for purifying a crude benzoic acid (32) containing 5 to 20% by weight of byproducts and 80 to 95% by weight of benzoic acid, by means of distillation, wherein the distillation is performed in a plant comprising a first distillation system (54), which comprises a divided wall column (10). Preferably, the divided wall column (10) comprises: an upper portion having an upper undivided section (12) for concentrating low-boiling components, wherein the low-boiling components have a lower boiling point than benzoic acid, and an outlet for re moval of the low-boiling components from the column (10), a lower portion having a lower undivided section (14) for concentrating high-boiling components, wherein the high-boiling components have a higher boiling point than benzoic acid, and an outlet for re moval of the high-boiling components from the column (10), and a central portion arranged between the upper portion and the lower portion having at least one vertical dividing wall (20) for dividing the central portion into at least one feed section (16) and at least one withdrawal section ( 18), the feed section (16) having an inlet for the feed of crude benzoic acid (32) and the withdrawal section having a side draw outlet for the purified benzoic acid (34).
Abstract:
A system S1 for water treatment is disclosed which comprises a membrane separation unit M1, an extraction unit E1, a decanting unit D1, an organic phase recovery unit O1, a waste water post-processing unit W1, wherein either: (i) a first inlet E100 of the extraction unit E1 is in fluid communication with a first system inlet S100, and a first outlet W200 of the waste water post- processing unit W1 is in fluid communication with a first inlet M100 of the membrane separation unit M1, OR (ii) the first inlet M100 of the membrane separation unit M1 is in fluid communication with the first system inlet S100 and optionally also the first outlet W200 of the waste water post-processing unit W1. The present invention also relates to a process for the water treatment of a feed stream 100 comprising an organic component and an aqueous component to form a recovered organic product 200 and a purified waste water 300, preferably using said system.
Abstract:
A process to prepare a cyclic polyester oligonner composition comprising a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units is disclosed. The process comprises the step of reacting a monomer component in the presence of an optional catalyst and/or optional organic base in a ring closing oligomerization step under conditions of a reaction temperature and reaction time sufficient to yield a cyclic polyester oligomer having furanic units. The invention further relates to a cyclic polyester oligomer composition obtainable by said process, wherein the cyclic polyester oligomer composition comprises a cyclic polyester oligomer of structure Y1 or Y2 having furanic units, wherein the composition contains less than 5 %, preferably 3, most preferably 1 weight % of linear oligomeric polyester species in the composition. The present invention further relates also to the use of said cyclic polyester oligomer composition in the production of a polyester polymer.
Abstract:
A process to purify a compound comprising a suspension crystallization step and additionally comprises a layer crystallization step and a storage step of an intermediate product obtained from the layer crystallization step before to its further purification in the suspension crystallization step.
Abstract:
A process for desalinating water is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of passing a feed stream of saline solution 2' in a first desalination step through a reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant 3' comprising at least one reverse osmosis desalination unit 4' to form a first product water stream 5' having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2' and a first byproduct stream 6' having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2' characterized in that the first byproduct stream 6' is passed in a second desalination step through a suspension crystallization unit 7 to form a second product water stream 8 having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6' and a second byproduct stream 9 having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6'. The invention further relates to an apparatus 1 for carrying out said process. The present invention further relates also to the use of the process or apparatus 1 for the reduction of the volume of the first byproduct stream of a reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant 3', preferably an in-land desalination plant 3', or in a device or plant or process for producing desalinated water, for salt production, for co-production of power and desalinated water, or for air conditioning.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method of performing a carbon dioxide absorption with reduced risk of aerosol formation from a carbon dioxide containing stream in an absorption apparatus having a specific sequence of sections and wherein the method comprises specific steps. Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of a structured packing as part of a carbon dioxide absorption section in an apparatus for the absorption of carbon dioxide, characterized in that the use is in reducing the risk of aerosol formation in a top region of the carbon dioxide-absorption section. Yet another aspect of the invention is a use of an absorption apparatus comprising a specific sequence of sections, wherein the use is for avoiding a super-saturation of a solvent and water and a risk of aerosol formation.
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Membran mit einer porenfreien Trennschicht umfassend ein Polymergemisch zur Abtrennung von einfachen Alkoholen und Wasser aus ihren Gemischen mit anderen organischen Fluiden mittels Pervaporation oder Dampfpermeation. Erfindungsgemäss besteht das Polymergemisch aus mindestens zwei Polymerkomponenten, die aus der Gruppe der Polymerkomponenten entnommen sind, die aus den folgenden Polymerkomponenten besteht: Polyvinylalkohol, anderen Polymeren wie Poly- N-N-dimethylaminethyl-methacrylat (Poly-DMAEMA), einem Copolymer aus DMAEMA und N-Vinylpyrrolidon (NVP) oder aus DMAEMA und N-Vinylcaprolactam (NVCL), einem Terpolymer aus DMAEMA, NVP und NVCL, oder aus Vinylacetat-Ethylen-Vinylchlorid, oder aus Vinylchlorid-Ethylen-Acrylester oder aus Vinylacetat-Vinylchlorid-Acrylester. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Membran gemäss der Erfindung.
Abstract:
The valve cover has a guide vane extending laterally and downwardly from the central portion towards and in spaced relation to the tray deck for deflecting a majority of the vapor passing upwardly through an orifice downward towards the tray deck. A de-entrainment device with a downwardly angled deflector in vertical alignment with an orifice in the tray deck may be integrated or not with the valve cover below the tray deck.
Abstract:
Ein Misch- oder Dispergierelement (1, 10, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70), umfasst einen Kanal (2), in welchem ein Einsatzelement (3, 4, 33, 34), welches eine Schaumstruktur enthält, angeordnet ist. Ein statisches Mischelement (5, 6, 35, 36) zur Makrovermischung oder Vordispergierung oder Makrodispergierung ist in dem Kanal (2) zusätzlich zum Einsatzelement (3, 4, 33, 34) zur Mikrovermischung oder Dispergierung angeordnet. Des weiteren wird ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Dispersion mit einem derartigen Misch- oder Dispergierelement beschrieben.