Abstract:
A system for continuously treating recycled polymeric material includes a hopper configured to feed the recycled polymeric material into the system. An extruder can turn the recycled polymeric material in a molten material. In some embodiments, the extruder uses thermal fluids, electric heaters, and/or a separate heater. The molten material is depolymerized in a reactor. In some embodiments, a catalyst is used to aid in depolymerizing the material. In certain embodiments, the catalyst is contained in a permeable container. The depolymerized molten material can then be cooled via a heat exchanger. In some embodiments, multiple reactors are used. In certain embodiments, these reactors are connected in series. In some embodiments, the reactor(s) contain removable static mixer(s) and/or removable annular inserts.
Abstract:
Vorgeschlagen wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von 1,3-Butadien durch oxidative Dehydrierung von n-Butenen an einem heterogenen partikelförmigen Multimetalloxidkatalysator, enthaltend als Aktivmasse Molybdän und mindestens ein weiteres Metall, der in die Kontaktrohre (KR) von zwei oder mehreren Rohrbündelreaktoren (R-I, R-II) eingefüllt ist, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen den Kontaktrohren (KR) der zwei oder mehreren Rohrbündelreaktoren (R-I, R-II) von einem Wärmeträger umspült ist, wobei das Verfahren einen Produktionsmodus und einen Regeneriermodus umfasst, die alternierend gefahren werden, im Produktionsmodus ein die n-Butene enthaltender Feedstrom mit einem Sauerstoff enthaltenen Gasstrom gemischt und als Zuführstrom (1) über den in die Kontaktrohre (KR) der zwei oder mehreren Rohrbündelreaktoren (R-I, R-II) eingefüllten heterogenen partikelförmigen Multimetalloxidkatalysator geleitet wird, und der Wärmeträger durch indirekten Wärmetausch die frei werdende Reaktionswärme abzüglich der Wärmemenge, die zur Aufheizung des Zuführstromes (1) im Produktionsmodus auf Reaktionstemperatur verbraucht wird, aufnimmt und in einem externen Kühler (SBK) an einen sekundären Wärmeträger (H 2 O liq ) vollständig oder teilweise abgibt und im Regeneriermodus der heterogene partikelförmige Multimetalloxidkatalysator durch Überleiten eines Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasgemisches (3) und Abbrennen der auf dem heterogenen partikelförmigen Multimetalloxidkatalysator abgeschiedenen Ablagerungen regeneriert wird, das dadurch gekennzeichnetist, dass -die zwei oder mehreren Rohrbündelreaktoren (R-I, R-II) einen einzigen Wärmeträger-Kreislauf aufweisen und -stets so viele der zwei oder mehreren Rohrbündelreaktoren (R-I, R-II) im Produktionsmodus betrieben werden, dass die frei werdende Reaktionswärme abzüglich der Wärmemenge, die zur Aufheizung des Zuführstromes (1) im Produktionsmodus auf Reaktionstemperatur verbraucht wird,ausreicht, damit die Temperatur des Wärmeträgers in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Kontaktrohren (KR) sämtlicher Rohrbündelreaktoren (R-I, R-II) mit einer Schwankungsbreite von maximal +/-10°C konstant gehalten wird.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to process for preparing magnetic activated carbons comprising the steps of a) treating an aqueous solution comprising a biomass hydrothermally at autogenic pressure at a temperature 180 and 250 °C, under acidic conditions in the presence of iron ions, to obtain a precursor product, b) activating the precursor product obtained in step a) by mixing an activating agent at elevated temperatures between 550 and 850 °C, for a period up to 9h. The invention also relates to magnetic activated carbon prepared according to said process and use of the carbon for separation and storage of gases and purification of liquids. Further, the invention relates to a method for separation of particles from a liquid and/or a gas, and method for regenerating magnetic activated carbon by heating using an oscillating electromagnetic field.
Abstract:
The present disclosure is directed to steam reformers for the production of a hydrogen rich reformate, comprising a shell having a first end, a second end, and a passage extending generally between the first end and the second end of the shell, and at least one heat source disposed about the second end of the shell. The shell comprises at least one conduit member comprising at least one thermally emissive and high radiant emissivity material, at least partially disposed within the shell cavity. The shell further comprises at least one reactor module at least a portion of which is disposed within the shell cavity and about the at least one conduit member and comprises at least one reforming catalyst. The disclosure is also directed to methods of producing a hydrogen reformate utilizing the steam reformers, comprising the steps of combusting a combustible mixture in a burner to produce a combustion exhaust that interacts with the steam reactor module(s) through surface to surface radiation and convection heat transfer, and reforming a hydrocarbon fuel mixed with steam in the steam reformers to produce a hydrogen-containing reformate. The present disclosure is further directed to reactor modules for use with the above steam reformers and methods of producing a hydrogen reformate.
Abstract:
An apparatus for converting ammonia gas into nitrogen and hydrogen gases includes: (a) a heater (16) for heating ammonia to convert it into gas; (b) a reactor (22) including a first path for containing a catalyst for facilitating conversion of ammonia into nitrogen and hydrogen; (c) a first heat exchange arrangement (20) outside the reactor (22) for heating the ammonia before it is passed into the reactor (22), and (d) a second heat exchange arrangement (26) in the reactor (22) including a second path in the reactor (22) for passing the nitrogen and hydrogen gases through the reactor (22) in heat exchange relationship with the first path to effect further heating of the ammonia.
Abstract:
Polysilicon is formed by pyrolytic decomposition of a silicon-bearing gas and deposition of silicon onto fluidized silicon particles. Multiple submerged spout fluidized bed reactors (10) and reactors having secondary orifices (20) are disclosed.
Abstract:
A process for the long-term operation of a continuously operated heterogeneous catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated, in which a stream of reaction gas mixture containing the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a molar starting amount HC is passed through a total catalyst bed containing the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst and deactivation of the total catalyst bed is counteracted by, as the period of operation increases, the conversion contribution of the first third in the flow direction of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst decreasing, the conversion contribution of the last third in the flow direction of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst increasing and the conversion contribution of the second third in the flow direction of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst going through a maximum.
Abstract:
Polysilicon is formed by pyrolytic decomposition of a silicon-bearing gas and deposition of silicon onto fluidized silicon particles. Multiple submerged spout fluidized bed reactors (10) and reactors having secondary orifices (20) are disclosed.