摘要:
Biological source oils, including, but not limited to, algae oil, stabilize the presence of asphaltenes in petroleum feedstocks, such as crude oil, to help avoid or prevent problematic issues caused by the asphaltenes, such as sludges, plugging, deposits, fouling and/or corrosion in the production, transferring and processing of the petroleum feedstocks. Chemical additives such as phenol-based resins, and reaction products or combinations of long chain alpha-olefins and/or small chain aldehydes and/or long chain alkyl phenate sulfides and/or metal oxide-based colloidal hydrocarbon-based nanodispersions, may also stabilize the presence of asphaltenes in petroleum feedstocks. By "stabilizing" is meant keeping the asphaltenes in solution in the petroleum feedstocks.
摘要:
The invention teaches that hydrocarbon compositions may be improved in terms of their stability reserve and in terms of their combustion efficiency, by co-use of a conductivity improver. There is optionally presenta combustion improver selected from an iron compound, a manganese compound, a calcium compound and a cerium compound; and/or an organic compound selected from a bicyclic monoterpene, a substituted bicyclic monoterpene, adamantane, a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic tetraterpene, and propylene carbonate.
摘要:
Disclosed is a multiphase fuel composition formed of an emulsion containing (a) a distillate fuel first phase, (b) a second phase formed of boric acid and a liquid that is a solvent for boric acid, but immiscible in the first phase, such as glycerol, and (c) a surfactant.
摘要:
A method[ of improving the efficiency of a fuel for an internal combustion engine, which fuel comprises lubricating oil and gasoline, which comprises adding to the lubricating oil or the fuel cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide.
摘要:
A lubricant composition suitable for lubricating a direct fuel injection two-stroke engine comprises at least one condensation product of a fatty acid with an amine or ammonia and of at least one Mannich dispersant, each in an amount of 0.5 to 8 percent by weight, along with an oil of lubricating viscosity.
摘要:
The invention provides a method employing a fuel additive to improve the operation of a pass-through oxidation catalyst over long periods of time with continued catalytic activity and without the undesirable conversion of SO2 to SO3. A pass-through catalyst support is continuously, selectively catalyzed by the combustion of a fuel containing a platinum group metal composition which burns to release the catalyst metal in active form. The effectiveness of the process is attributed to improved combustion in the engine by the catalyst and the treatment of the catalytic oxidizer with active catalyst metal released during combustion such that, in the exhaust system, the soluble organic fraction of the particulates and the levels of gaseous unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are significantly reduced. The catalysts conditioned by the present invention cause minimal conversion of SO2 to SO3. The platinum group metal compositions soluble or dispersible in the diesel fuel and are added in amounts effective to provide concentrations of the metal in the fuel of less than 1 part per million (ppm).
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for reducing nitrogen oxides emissions from a diesel engine which comprises preparing an emulsion (80) of water in diesel fuel which contains a catalytically effective amount of catalyst composition (26) and a lubricity additive and supplying said emulsion to a diesel engine for combusting therein, whereby combustion of the emulsion leads to a reduction in the nitrogen oxides emissions from the diesel engine when compared with combustion of diesel fuel alone.
摘要:
This invention relates to fuel additives and fuels containing such additives for minimizing induction system deposits in an internal combustion engine. The fuel additives comprise novel combinations of at least five specified components in specified proportions.
摘要:
Ashless dispersants are formed using copolymers of propylene characterized in that they are liquid substantially linear polymers, they have stereo-irregularity in the polymer chain, at least 60 mol percent of the polymer has a terminal vinylidene group and, the polymer contains up to 25 mol percent of a C4 to C10 monoolefin polymerized into the polymer chains.
摘要:
Polymers of olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons suitable for use as intermediates for use in the manufacture of lubricating or fuel oil additives, are prepared from reactants in different phases by reacting the reactants in a reaction region defined by adjacent surfaces between which there is relative movement or in a thin film on a surface over which they move.