Abstract:
The present invention is directed towards a method of manufacturing a sensor disc for use as a dry electrode in a skin conductance measuring device, the sensor disc comprising a plurality of layers of different materials and the method of manufacturing comprising the steps of etching a copper base layer; electroplating the copper base layer with an intermediate bright copper layer; plating the intermediate bright copper layer with an intermediate palladium plated layer; and, plating the intermediate palladium plated layer with a gold plated surface layer. The advantage of a method of manufacturing a sensor disc in accordance with the present invention is that a roughened surface is created by the etching. This increased roughness corresponds to an increase in surface area of skin in contact with the sensor disc. The larger contact area implies a larger sweat layer between skin and metal, resulting in reduced electrical impedance and hence an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the skin conductance signal detected by the sensor disc. Furthermore, the surface roughness assists in trapping the sweat, also leading to reduced impedance and an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the detected signals. Moreover, in addition to the high performance of the sensor discs manufactured by this process, the sensor discs produced also meet the ergonomic and aesthetic expectations of a contemporary mass market and may be advantageously utilised in a consumer electronics product.
Abstract:
Methods to modify dispersed carbon nano particles using electrochemistry are disclosed. First, dispersions of CNT, graphene, graphite or the like in water or organic solvents are prepared. Secondly, said dispersions are brought in contact with a solution of ionic compounds in a liquid, such as dissolved metal salts in water, whereby the dispersion of carbon nano particles is in electrical connection with one electrode, typically the minus pole, and the second solution is in electrical connection with a second electrode, typically the plus pole. The useful voltage for converting metal salts to the respective metal is between 0 and 10 V, and the voltage may be applied continuously or in intervals, such as every millisecond with a pause of one millisecond. Using the method, metal is precipitated onto or close to the carbon nano particles. A useful method is to pump the dispersion of nano particles and to let it enter the second liquid in the form of growing drops, similar to a dropping mercury electrode. Following the electrochemical metal deposition, the metalized carbon nano particles can be separated and used in various products including composites, coatings, capacitors, cables and other products.
Abstract:
Formation of an authentication element by deposition of a metal layer with embedded particles on a metal substrate, wherein the embedded particles are configured to convert energy from one wavelength to another. The embedded particles may be upconverters, downconverters, or phosphorescent phosphors, which can be detected and measured with analytical equipment when deposited in the metal layer. A metal substrate may include coinage.
Abstract:
Formation of an authentication element by deposition of a metal layer with embedded particles on a metal substrate, wherein the embedded particles are configured to convert energy from one wavelength to another. The embedded particles may be upconverters, downconverters, or phosphorescent phosphors, which can be detected and measured with analytical equipment when deposited in the metal layer. A metal substrate may include coinage.
Abstract:
An apparatus and method for coating or treating powdered material, particularly ultrafine powders in the nanometer or submicron range of mean diameters, by electrolytic processes. A platen (30) is mounted for rotation upon a fixed shaft (20), and a rotary flow-through electrolytic cell (36) is mounted upon a platen (30) for rotation thereon, the cell's axis of rotation (B) being offset from the platen's axis of rotation (A). The cells axis of rotation (B) revolves around the platen's axis (A) as the platen (30) rotates. The electrolytic cell (36) accordingly undergoes a planetary rotation, as the cell (36) revolves around the platen's axis of rotation (A). The planetary rotation of the cell (B) allows the powdered material to be collected by centrifugal force and constantly agitated to promote uniform electroplating. An electrode array (44) and rolling contact system are supplied which allow electric potential to be applied only to those electrodes actually in contact with the powdered material to be treated.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for microencapsulating or electrodeposited coating of ferromagnetic and soft-magnetic sub-micron or nano sized powderized material comprising use of a rotary flow-through device assisted by an electromagnet within the electrode ring to alternately position the powder at the face of the cathode ring and electroplate the powder and reorient it prior to another repositioning, The invention is also of a process and apparatus for forming a strip, mesh, or film from magnetic powderized material in an organized bipolar arrangement, which is particularly useful for electroforming foils with the magnetic particles positioned in a monolayer within a multilayer metallic foil.
Abstract:
A method for preparing an alloy nanocellular foam includes at least partially coating a nanocellular precursor into a multiple composition nanoparticle precursor and converting the multiple composition nanoparticle precursor into an alloy via a diffusion process.
Abstract:
According to an embodiment, a method of processing a material for a catalyst includes establishing an electrical potential on a porous electrode. Core particles are directed through the porous electrode. A layer of metal is deposited on the core particles as the particles pass through the porous electrode. According to an embodiment, an example assembly for processing a material for a catalyst includes a housing that establishes a path for particles to move through the housing. A porous electrode is situated within the housing for permitting core particles to move through the porous electrode. A layer of metal can be deposited on the core particles as the particles pass through the porous electrode.