摘要:
A method of detecting molecular chirality using photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD). A target sample is located in an evacuated interaction zone. A magnetic field is directed parallel with a propagation axis that extends through said interaction zone. Molecules of the target sample are ionized by a laser configured to generate circularly polarised ionizing laser light along the propagation axis. A respective particle detector is located forwardly and backwardly with respect to the interaction zone and detects, respectively, photoelectrons that travel forwardly and backwardly from the ionized molecules. The chirality of the molecules is determined depending on the relative number of photoelectrons detected respectively by the forward and backward detectors.
摘要:
An electron analyzer and its method of operation useful for determining the intensity of a peak in the electron spectrum. The invention is particularly useful for determining the intensity of an Auger peak of a given element in the sample being probed and associating the intensity with a concentration of that element in the sample. The electron spectrum is measured above and below the anticipated peak. The data near the peak are not used. The remaining data above the peak and below the peak are fit to respective equations linearly dependent upon the measurement energy. The difference of the two equations at the value of the peak energy is associated with the peak intensity and the elemental concentration. The invention can be applied to measuring nitrogen concentration in a thin protective film of amorphous carbon or diamond.
摘要:
A charged particle analyser comprising a source of charged particles and a charged particle detector spaced from the source and immersed with the source in an ionisable gas. The detector comprises at least one pair of electrodes which are spaced apart by a distance that is substantially less than the spacing between the source and detector. The electrodes of the pair are maintained at different potentials selected such that charged particles emitted by the source are attracted towards the detector and such that charged particles adjacent the detector are accelerated to energies sufficient to ionise the gas. The charge collected at the detector is proportional to the number of charged particles emitted by the source.
摘要:
An array gas electron multiplier (GEM) digital imaging radiation detector and a control method thereof are disclosed. The array gas electron multiplier (GEM) digital imaging radiation detector includes an array GEM detector. The array GEM detector includes: an ionized electron generation unit for generating ionized electrons in internal filling gas by incident X-rays or gamma rays or by incident charged particles; a gas electron multiplication unit for multiplying the ionized electrons of the ionized electron generation unit in filling gas inside hole of a gas electron multiplier (GEM), through electron avalanche effect, using the GEM, to form electron clouds; a readout for detecting and outputting coordinates of the electron clouds as the readout receives positions through electrical signals, in which the positions of the electron clouds, being multiplied and formed in the gas electron multiplication unit, reach output electrodes.
摘要:
The present invention provides for characterization of a film (e.g., thickness determination for a silicon oxynitride film) using a comparison process (e.g., a fitting process) to compare measured peak shapes for elemental and/or chemical species (e.g., Si peak shapes previously measured for a particular process to be monitored) to collected spectral data (e.g., using a non-linear least squares fitting algorithm). Further, the present invention provides for characterization of a film (e.g., thickness determination for a silicon oxynitride film) using collected spectral data. For example, an acquired spectrum may be cumulatively integrated and the geometric properties of the integrated spectrum may be used to determine component concentration information. Thickness measurements for the film may be provided based on the component concentration information.
摘要:
An electron analyzer and its method of operation useful for determining the intensity of a peak in the electron spectrum. The invention is particularly useful for determining the intensity of an Auger peak of a given element in the sample being probed and associating the intensity with a concentration of that element in the sample. The electron spectrum is measured above and below the anticipated peak. The data near the peak are not used. The remaining data above the peak and below the peak are fit to respective equations linearly dependent upon the measurement energy. The difference of the two equations at the value of the peak energy is associated with the peak intensity and the elemental concentration. The invention can be applied to measuring nitrogen concentration in a thin protective film of amorphous carbon or diamond.
摘要:
An electron beam inspection apparatus comprising an electrooptical unit (70) comprising an electrooptical system for irradiating an object with a primary electron beam from an electron source and projecting the image of secondary electrons emitted from the object and a detector for detecting the image of secondary electrons projected from the electrooptical system, a stage unit (50) for moving the object relatively to the electrooptical system while holding it a mini-environment unit (20) for blocking adhesion of dust to the object by supplying cleaning gas thereto, a working chamber (31) containing the stage unit and controllable to vacuum atmosphere, at least two loading chambers (41, 42) disposed between the mini-environment unit and the working chamber and controllable independently to vacuum atmosphere, and a loader (60) for feeding the object to the stage unit through the loading chambers.
摘要:
본 발명은 기판 상에 형성된 제1전극과; 상기 제1전극 상에 형성된 광도전층과; 상기 광도전층 상에 형성되며, 바이어스 전압을 인가 받아 전압 인가 상태를 갖거나 플로팅(floating) 상태를 갖는 제2전극과; 상기 바이어스 전압의 출력을 온/오프하도록 구성된 전원회로를 포함하는 X선 디텍터를 제공한다.