Abstract:
Phase change memory devices, systems, and associated methods are provided and described. Such devices, systems, and methods manage and reduce voltage threshold drift of a phase change memory device comprising a select device SD and a phase change memory element PM, by at least reducing the threshold voltage drift of the select device SD, to increase read accuracy of phase change memory.
Abstract:
A method includes sensing a state of a data cell to generate a data voltage. The state of the data cell corresponds to a state of a programmable resistance based memory element of the data cell. The method further includes sensing a state of a reference cell to generate a reference voltage. The state of the data cell and the state of the reference cell are sensed via a common sensing path. The method further includes determining a logic value of the data cell based on the data voltage and the reference voltage.
Abstract:
A system and method are described for selecting a demarcation voltage for read and write operations. Embodiments of the invention provide a scheme to use multiple VDMs to cover the case where power-on drift is different from power-off drift of the PCMS cells. The controller automatically manages this through tracking refreshes and writes. In addition, the embodiments of the invention provide an efficient scheme to reduce the performance impact of the penalty box following a write by tracking recent write addresses through a hash-table or similar scheme. By way of example, a method in accordance with one embodiment comprises: detecting a read operation directed to a first block of a PCMS memory; determining whether a write operation has previously occurred to the first block within a specified amount of time prior to the read operation; using a first demarcation voltage (VDM) for the read operation if the write operation has previously occurred to the first block within the specified amount of time prior to the write operation; and using a second VDM for the read operation if the write operation has not previously occurred to the first block within the specified amount of time prior to the write or refresh operation.
Abstract:
A method of reading data from a plurality of bits in a spin-torque magnetoresistive memory array includes performing one or more referenced read operations of the bits, and performing a self-referenced read operation, for example, a destructive self-referenced read operation, of any of the bits not successfully read by the referenced read operation. The referenced read operations can be initiated at the same time or prior to that of the destructive self-referenced read operation.
Abstract:
A read circuit for sensing a resistive state of a resistive switching device in a crosspoint array has an equipotential preamplifier connected to a selected column line of the resistive switching device in the array to deliver a read current while maintaining the selected column line at a reference voltage near a biasing voltage applied to unselected row lines of the array. The read circuit includes a reference voltage generation component for generating the reference voltage for the equipotential preamplifier. The reference voltage generation component samples the biasing voltage via the selected column line and adds a small increment to a sampled biasing voltage to form the reference voltage.
Abstract:
A method of sensing a data value stored at a resistance based memory is disclosed. The method includes receiving a data signal from a data cell. The data cell includes a resistance based memory element. A reference signal is received from a reference circuit. The reference circuit includes a resistance based memory element. The data signal is converted to a data output signal having a first frequency. The reference signal is converted to a reference output signal having a second frequency. A first output signal is generated when the first frequency exceeds the second frequency. A second output signal is generated when the second frequency exceeds the first frequency.
Abstract:
A memory controller includes a voltage driver and a voltage comparator. The voltage driver applies a variable voltage to a selected line of a crossbar array to determine a first measured voltage that drives a first read current through a selected memory cell of the crossbar array. The voltage driver applies the variable voltage to the selected line to determine a second measured voltage that drives a second read current through the selected memory cell. The voltage comparator then determines a voltage difference between the first measured voltage and the second measured voltage and to compare the voltage difference with a reference voltage difference to determine a state of the selected memory cell. The crossbar array comprises a plurality of row lines, a plurality of column lines, and a plurality of memory cells. Each memory cell is coupled between a unique combination of one row line and one column line.
Abstract:
Methods for reducing variability in bias voltages applied to a plurality of memory cells during a sensing operation caused by IR drops along a word line shared by the plurality of memory cells are described. In some embodiments, IR drops along a shared word line may be reduced by reducing sensing currents associated with memory cells whose state has already been determined during a sensing operation. In one example, once a sense amplifier detects that a memory cell being sensed is in a particular state, then the sense amplifier may disable sensing of the memory cell and discharge a corresponding bit line associated with the memory cell. In some cases, a bit line voltage associated with a memory cell whose state has not already been determined during a first phase of a sensing operation may be increased during a second phase of the sensing operation.
Abstract:
The present disclosure includes apparatuses and methods including drift acceleration in resistance variable memory. A number of embodiments include applying a programming signal to the resistance variable memory cell to program the cell to a target state, subsequently applying a pre-read signal to the resistance variable memory cell to accelerate a drift of a resistance of the programmed cell, and subsequently applying a read signal to the resistance variable memory cell.
Abstract:
Current appearing on a bit-line with no memory cells asserted may be used during a bit-line pre-charge time before a read is performed so as to bias a gate-drain shorted PMOS pull-up device connected between the bit-line and a power supply at a VDD potential. The capacitance connected to the gate of this PMOS pull-up device may be used to "store" the resultant gate-source voltage when the drain is disconnected once the pre-charge time is completed. Once the read operation starts, the current of the PMOS pull-up device that has the "stored" resultant gate-source voltage and the "stored" resultant gate-source voltage itself are re-used as the references, or multi-reference, for sensing the state of an asserted memory cell connected to the bit-line during the read operation thereof.