摘要:
Techniques described herein generally include methods and systems related to designing and operating a DRAM device that has significantly reduced refresh energy use. A method for designing a DRAM optimizes or otherwise improves the DRAM for energy efficiency based on a measured or predicted failure probability of memory cells in the DRAM. The DRAM may be configured to operate at an increased refresh interval, thereby reducing DRAM refresh energy but causing a predictable portion of the memory cells in the DRAM to leak electrical energy too quickly to retain data. The DRAM is further configured with a selected a number of spare memory cells for replacing the "leaky" memory cells, so that operation of the DRAM at the increased refresh interval may result in little or no reduction in capacity of the DRAM.
摘要:
A computer-implemented method for augmenting SAT-based BMC to handle embedded memory designs without explicitly modeling memory bits. As is known, verifying designs having large embedded memories is typically handled by abstracting out (over-approximating) the memories. Such abstraction is not useful for finding real bugs. SAT-based BMC, as of now, is incapable of handling designs with explicit memory modeling due to enormously increased search space complexity. Advantageously, our method does not require analyzing the designs and also guarantees not to generate false negatives.
摘要:
An integrated circuit design optimization procedure to modify a cell feature, such as gate length, models changes in delay as a result of the modification. In the delay change calculation, a characteristic of an event in cell switching behavior, such as the output short- circuit voltage VSC, is determined for the modified cell, where changes in the determined characteristic correlate with changes in delay of the cell due to the modification. Next, a value for delay of the modified cell is determined as a function of the determined characteristic of the event. The procedure can be applied after placement and routing. A timing-constrained, leakage power reduction is described using the delay change model.
摘要:
A computer-implemented method for augmenting SAT-based BMC to handle embedded memory designs without explicitly modeling memory bits. As is known, verifying designs having large embedded memories is typically handled by abstracting out (over-approximating) the memories. Such abstraction is not useful for finding real bugs. SAT-based BMC, as of now, is incapable of handling designs with explicit memory modeling due to enormously increased search space complexity. Advantageously, our method does not require analyzing the designs and also guarantees not to generate false negatives.
摘要:
The design of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) pass transistors is provided via generating a first plurality of transistor leakage currents by simulating different dopant configurations in a transistor; generating a second plurality of transistor leakage currents by simulating, for each dopant configuration of the different dopant configurations, a single trap insertion in the transistor; fitting the first and second pluralities of transistor leakage currents with first and second leakage current distributions; combining the first and second leakage current distributions to produce a third leakage current distribution; generating a third plurality of statistically generated leakage currents for a specified trap density for the transistor based on the first leakage current distribution, on the second leakage current distribution and on a specified trap density; and modeling and evaluating a DRAM cell including the transistor based on the third plurality of statistically generated leakage currents.
摘要:
Memory array structures providing for determination of resistive characteristics of access lines might include a first block of memory cells, a second block of memory cells, a first current path between a particular access line of the first block of memory cells and a particular access line of the second block of memory cells, and, optionally, a second current path between the particular access line of the second block of memory cells and a different access line of the first block of memory cells. Methods for determining resistive characteristics of access lines might include connecting the particular access line of the first block of memory cells to a driver, and determining the resistive characteristics in response to a current level through that access line and a voltage level of that access line.
摘要:
A method and apparatus using a non-intrusive probe for testing double data rate interfaces is provided. The method begins with the generation of at least one component parameter model, which is then cascaded to form a full system parameter model of the double data rate interface being tested. Transfer functions are generated using the full system parameter model. A target transfer function is calculated between the test equipment and a decision point. The calculated target transfer function is applied and testing is completed. The apparatus includes a device to be tested, mounted on a circuit board. A probe card is attached to the backside of the circuit board and is in communication with a high-speed connector. At least one connector in communication with the high-speed connector and at least one small footprint RF connector on an accessible side of the circuit board are also part of the non-intrusive probing apparatus.
摘要:
The present invention is related to a digital circuit testing and analysis module system comprising a memory (22). The memory (22) is addressed by numerical values defined by a group of digital signals. A respective memory location associated with a specific numerical value indicates a status of the group of digital signals. The status can for example reflect the validity of the signals in the group of signals when testing a circuit.
摘要:
An example device includes at least one processor configured to receive electrical parameter values corresponding to at least one first location within a power network. The at least one processor is further configured to determine, using matrix completion and based on the at least one electrical parameter value, an estimated value of at least one unknown electrical parameter. The at least one unknown electrical parameter corresponds to a second location within the power network. The at least one processor is also configured to cause at least one device within the power network to modify operation based on the estimated value of the at least one unknown electrical parameter.