摘要:
An LED with improved current spreading structures that provide enhanced current injection into the LED's active layer (14), improving its power and luminous flux. The current spreading structures can be used in LEDs larger than conventional LEDs while maintaining the enhanced current injection. The invention is particularly applicable to LEDs having insulating substrates (12) but can also reduce the series resistance of LEDs having conductive substrates. The improved structures comprise conductive fingers (20a, 20b, 22) that form cooperating conductive paths that ensure that current spreads from the contacts (19, 21), into the fingers (20a, 20b, 22) and uniformly spreads through the oppositely doped layers (15, 16). The current then spreads to the active layer (14) to uniformly inject electrons and holes throughout the active layer (14), which recombine to emit light.
摘要:
A light emitting diode (LED) (10) comprises a first spreader layer (20), an array of light emitting elements (12) disposed on the first spreader layer (20), and a second spreader layer (24) disposed over the array of emitting elements (12). The first spreader layer (20) is electrically isolated from the second spreader layer (24). The LED (10) also comprises first and second contacts (22, 26) on the first and second spreader layers (20, 24) respectively. A bias applied across the contacts (22, 26) causes the array of emitting elements (12) to emit light.
摘要:
A light emitting diode (LED) (10) grown on a substrate (16) doped with one or more rare earth or transition element. The dopant ions absorb some or all of the light from the LED's active layer (11), pumping the electrons on the dopant ion to a higher energy state. The electrons are naturally drawn to their equilibrium state and they emit light at a wavelength that depends on the type of dopant ion. The invention is particularly applicable to nitride based LEDs (10) emitting UV light and grown on a sapphire substrate (16) doped with chromium. The chromium ions absorb the UV light, exciting the electrons on ions to a higher energy state. When they return to their equilibrium state they emit red light and some of the red light will emit from the LED's surface.
摘要:
A method for protecting the surface of a semiconductor material (30, 50) from damage and dopant passivation is described. A barrier layer (32, 52) of dense or reactive material is deposited on the semiconductor material shortly after growth in a growth reactor (10) such as a MOCVD reactor, using the MOCVD source gasses. The barrier layer (32, 52) blocks the diffusion of hydrogen into the material. The reactor (10) can then be cooled in a reactive or non-reactive gas ambience. The semiconductor material can then be removed from the reactor (10) with little or no passivation of the dopant species. The barrier layer (32, 52) can be removed using a variety of etching processes, including wet chemical etching or can be left at the semiconductor material for surface protection. The barrier layer (32, 52) can also be a gettering layer that chemically binds hydrogen trapped in the semiconductor material and/or blocks hydrogen diffusion into the material.
摘要:
A light emitting diode (LED) grown on a substrate doped with one or more rare earth or transition element. The dopant ions absorb some or all of the light from the LED's active layer, pumping the electrons on the dopant ion to a higher energy state. The electrons are naturally drawn to their equilibrium state and they emit light at a wavelength that depends on the type of dopant ion. The invention is particularly applicable to nitride based LEDs emitting UV light and grown on a sapphire substrate doped with cromium. The chromium ions absorb the UV light, exciting the electrons on ions to a higher energy state. When they return to their equilibrium state they emit red light and some of the red light will emit from the LED's surface.
摘要:
A method of reducing power consumption of power amplifiers in Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) is disclosed. The power amplifier is evaluated and the Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) performance of the amplifier is modeled to obtain optimal bias voltage for the amplifier for a given modulation scheme and input signal power level. The method comprises of checking Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) for present bias and present input signal power levels of the power amplifiers, calculating optimal bias voltage for required modulation and coding scheme and biasing the power amplifier with the optimal bias voltage. The optimal bias voltage for the power amplifier can be determined either by using mathematical equations or using a look-up table.
摘要:
Naturally occurring polarization-induced electric fields in a semiconductor light emitter with crystal layers (2-7) grown along a polar direction are reduced, canceled or reversed to improve the emitter's operating efficiency and carrier confinement. This is accomplished by reducing differences in the material compositions of adjacent crystal layers (2-7), grading one or more layers to generate space charges and quasi-fields that oppose polarization-induced charges, incorporating various impurities into the semiconductor that ionize into a charge state opposite to the polarization induced charges, inverting the sequence of charged atomic layers, inverting the growth sequence of n- and p-type layers in the device, employing a multilayer emission system instead of a uniform active region and/or changing the in-plane lattice constant of the material.
摘要:
New Group III nitride based field effect transistors (10) and high electron mobility transistors (30) are disclosed that provide enhanced high frequency response characteristics. The preferred transistors (10, 30) are made from GaN/AlGaN and have a dielectric layer (22, 44) on the surface of their barrier layer (18, 38). The dielectric layer (22, 44) has a high percentage of donor electrons (68) that neutralize traps (69) in the barrier layer (18, 38) such that the traps (69) cannot slow the high frequency response of the transistors (10, 30). A new method of manufacturing the transistors (10, 30) is also disclosed, with the new method using sputtering to deposit the dielectric layer (18, 38).
摘要:
This invention describes new LEDs having light extraction structures (26) on or within the LED to increase its efficiency. The new light extraction structures (26) provide surfaces for reflecting, refracting or scattering light into directions that are more favorable for the light to escape into the package. The structures can be arrays of light extraction elements (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52) or disperser layers (112, 122, 134, 144, 152, 162). The light extraction elements can have many different shapes and are placed in many locations to increase the efficiency of the LED over conventional LEDs. The disperser layers provide scattering centers for light and can be placed in many locations as well. The new LEDs with arrays of light extraction elements are fabricated with standard processing techniques making them highly manufacturable at costs similar to standard LEDs. The new LEDs with disperser layers are manufactured using new methods and are also highly manufacturable.