Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for long-term operation of a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propene to obtain acrolein, in which the propene contained in the fed reaction gas mixture is partially oxidized when said gas mixture penetrates the fixed catalyst bed that is accommodated in two spatially successive temperature zones A, B, and in order to prevent the quality of the fixed catalyst bed from deteriorating during long-term operation, the temperature in at least one of the two temperature zones is raised in such a way that the difference T B - T A becomes greater and greater, where T B is the temperature in temperature zone B and T A is the temperature in temperature zone A.
Abstract:
A catalyst for the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 , a process for producing it and its use in a process for the oxidation of SO 2 to SO 3 are provided. The catalyst comprises an active substance comprising vanadium, alkali metal compounds and sulfate applied to a support comprising naturally occurring diatomaceous earths, wherein the support comprises at least two different naturally occurring uncalcined diatomaceous earths which differ in terms of the structure type of the siliceous algae from which they are derived.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing C 1 -C 4 -oxygenates from a reactant stream (A), which essentially comprises a C 1 -C 4 -alkane or a mixture of C 1 -C 4 -alkanes, wherein a) a partial stream (B) of the reactant stream (A) is branched and is allowed to react in a reactor with oxygen or a gas stream (C) containing oxygen, wherein a part of the C 1 -C 4 -alkane or a part of the mixture comprising C 1 -C 4 -alkane is converted to C 1 -C 4 -oxygenates, b) at least 90 mol-% of the formed C 1 -C 4 -oxygenate is separated from the product stream (D) resulting from step a), forming a remaining low boiler stream (E), characterized in that the low boiler stream (E) is combined with the reactant stream (A), without further treatment and without combining with the partial stream (B), downstream of the branching point of the partial stream (B).
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst having a catalytically active substance, which contains a phase A and a phase B in the form of three-dimensionally extended delimited areas, phase A being a silver-vanadium bronze and phase B being a mixed oxide phase based on titanium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide. The catalyst is used for producing aldehydes, carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides from aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbons by gas-phase oxidation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst precursor comprising vanadium, phosphorus, and oxygen, for producing maleic acid anhydride by heterogeneous catalytic gas phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon having at least four carbon atoms, characterized in that (a) vanadium pentoxide is converted in the presence of iso-butanol and optionally in the presence of a primary or secondary, non-cyclical or cyclical, unbranched or branched, saturated alcohol having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and 102 to 110% phosphoric acid, in a temperature range from 80 to 160 °C; (b) the precipitate that forms is isolated; (c) (i) the isolated precipitate is dried to a residual iso-butanol content of less than 5% by weight; (ii) the dried precipitate is then permeated by a gas comprising 0.1% to 9% by volume of oxygen in addition to one or more inert gases, immediately or after isolating, in a temperature range from 130 °C to 200 °C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst for partially oxidizing hydrocarbons in the gas phase, containing a multi-metal oxide of the general formula (I), Ag a MO b V c M d O e * f H 2 O (I), wherein M stands for at least one element selected from among Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, AI, Ga, In, Si, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Zn, Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, a has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, b has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, c has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, a+b+c has the value 3, d has a value of less than 1, e means a number that is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the formula (I), f has a value of 0 to 20, which multi-metal oxide exists in a crystal structure, the X-ray powder diffractogram of which is characterized by diffraction reflections at a minimum of 5 lattice distances selected from among d = 4.53, 3.38, 3.32, 3.23, 2.88, 2.57, 2.39, 2.26, 1.83, 1.77 Å (± 0.04 Å).
Abstract:
The catalytically active mass of a catalyst molded body comprises a multi-element oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus. The specific pore volume PV (in ml/g) of the catalyst molded body, the bulk density p of the catalyst molded body (in kg/l), the geometric surface area A geo (in mm 2 ), and the geometric volume V geo (in mm 3 ) of the catalyst molded body satisfy the condition: 0.275 geo /V geo . In a method for producing maleic acid anhydride by heterogeneously catalytic gas phase oxidation of a hydrocarbon, the catalyst molded body allows a lower pressure loss and a high yield.