Abstract:
The invention relates to improved metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly zinc oxides, that are modified with silanes. The particles thus obtained are suitable for improved UV protection of polymers.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to particles modified using a modifier, and a dispersing means comprising said modified particles. The surface-modified metal, metal halogenide, metal chalcogenide, metal nitride, metal phosphide, metal boride, or metal phosphate particles or mixtures thereof have an average particle diameter of 1 to 500 nm and the surface thereof was modified using one or more modifiers of the formula (I), (II), and (III).
Abstract:
A process for producing an epoxidation catalyst, comprising: i) placing a porous support under reduced pressure, the porous support having an Hg pore volume in the range of 0.4 to 3.0 mL/g, as determined by mercury porosimetry; ii) gradually adding to the porous support a volume of aqueous silver impregnation solution over a period of at least 15 min at a temperature of 40 to 150 °C, while maintaining reduced pressure; the volume of aqueous silver impregnation solution added per gram of porous support being greater than the Hg pore volume of the porous support; iii) maintaining the reduced pressure to remove volatiles to a weight loss of at least 3 wt.-%, relative to the weight of aqueous silver impregnation solution; iv) calcining the impregnated porous support at a temperature of 200 to 800 °C. The process allows for a uniform distribution of silver with a high degree of silver dispersion. The invention further relates to a process for producing an alkylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of an alkylene, comprising reacting an alkylene and oxygen in the presence of the epoxidation catalyst.
Abstract:
A shaped catalyst body for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene, comprising silver deposited on a porous refractory support, the shaped catalyst body having a first face side surface, a second face side surface and a circumferential surface, characterized by a content of at least 20 wt.-% of silver, relative to the total weight of the shaped catalyst body; a cylinder structure with n void spaces running in the cylinder periphery along the cylinder height to form an n-lobed structure, wherein n is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n passageways extending from the first face side surface to the second face side surface, each passageway being assigned to one lobe, wherein neighboring passageways are arranged essentially equidistantly to each other; an n-fold rotational symmetry; a shortest distance A between two neighboring passageways in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 mm; a shortest distance B between each passageway and the circumferential surface in the range of 1.1 to 2.0 mm; and a BET surface area in the range of 1.6 to 3.0 m 2 /g. The shaped catalyst bodies allow for a favorable balance between mechanical stability, pressure drop and selectivity. The invention further relates to a reactor tube packed with the shaped catalyst bodies, a process for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene, comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen in the presence of the shaped catalyst bodies and to a process for preparing a shaped catalyst bodies.
Abstract:
A process for producing ethylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of ethylene, comprising: directing a feed comprising gaseous ethylene and gaseous oxygen through a packing of individual shaped catalyst bodies, under conditions conducive to obtain a reaction mixture containing at least 2.7 vol.-% of ethylene oxide, wherein each shaped catalyst body comprises silver deposited on a refractory support and is characterized by a content of at least 20 wt.-% of silver, relative to the total weight of the shaped catalyst body; a BET surface area in the range of 1.6 to 3.0 m 2 /g; and a thickness in the range of 0.7 to 2.0 mm, wherein thickness is defined as a distance twice the shortest distance from the geometric surface of the shaped catalyst body to a point inside the structure of the shaped catalyst body for which point the shortest distance is the largest among all points. The process allows for increased activity and/or stability of the catalyst while maintaining or increasing selectivity at high productivity.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for treating plant pathogenic microorganisms by treating the crop plants, soil, or plant reproductive material to be protected with an effective quantity of copper salt particles, comprising a water-soluble polymer and having a primary particle diameter of 1 to 200 nm. The invention further relates to an aqueous suspension of the above copper salt particles and the use of said suspension for protecting plants.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a catalyst for partially oxidizing hydrocarbons in the gas phase, containing a multi-metal oxide of the general formula (I), Ag a MO b V c M d O e * f H 2 O (I), wherein M stands for at least one element selected from among Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, B, AI, Ga, In, Si, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, W, Mn, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Au, Zn, Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and U, a has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, b has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, c has a value of 0.5 to 1.5, a+b+c has the value 3, d has a value of less than 1, e means a number that is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the formula (I), f has a value of 0 to 20, which multi-metal oxide exists in a crystal structure, the X-ray powder diffractogram of which is characterized by diffraction reflections at a minimum of 5 lattice distances selected from among d = 4.53, 3.38, 3.32, 3.23, 2.88, 2.57, 2.39, 2.26, 1.83, 1.77 Å (± 0.04 Å).