Abstract:
An article comprised of metal directly and adherently bonded onto a ceramic substrate, and a process for producing same, are described, wherein the ceramic is adhesion promoted with molten inorganic compounds, treated with halide compounds that promote adsorption of species rendering said surfaces receptive for metal deposition, and plated with metal. Uniform surface coverage with said species and metal is ensured by the halide treatment.
Abstract:
A high speed optical scanning system using a circular array of concave reflectors (34, 35) on a reading disc (30) which appears in conjunction with a strip mirror (26) to achieve horizontal scanning is claimed. Such horizontal scanning can be combined with a framing mirror (20) to achieve orthogonal scanning. The system can operate in a "read" mode for scanning a scene or in a "write" mode to create a picture, or can do both modes simultaneously.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an aqueous composition and process for electrodepositing a layer of a ductile, strongly adhering, adsorptive and/or absorptive zinc coating or zinc coating comprising silicon and phosphorous on a metal substrate. The electrodeposition composition is prepared by reacting metallic silicon and zinc with phosphoric acid and an alkali metal hydroxide in the ratio of between 0,4 and 1,3 moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of phosphorus acid, and adjusting the solution to a pH of 1 or higher after completion of the reaction. The coating is deposited on the metal substrate by electrodeposition and comprises about 70 to 99,5% by weight of zinc, and about 0,1 to 10% by weight of silicon, and about 0,5 to 20% by weight of phosphorus. The resulting Zn/Si/P coating improves the resistance of the metal substrate to corrosion, wear, galling, stress corrosion cracking and cracking during mechanical forming operations. While essentially all metals of industrial importance may be coated, this process is especially important for ferrous metals, steels, stainless steels, copper, aluminium, chromium and titanium.
Abstract:
Molded, one-piece articles having selected surfaces suitable for adherent metallization, molded, metallized, one-piece articles, and processes for making the said articles are disclosed. The molded one-piece articles may be formed by molding into a first mold cavity a first portion of the article using a first electrically insulating material which is adhesion promotable by an adhesion promotion process and is catalytic for adherent metallization, or is capable of being rendered catalytic for adherent metallization by an activating process; inserting the first portion into a second mold cavity; and molding into the second mold cavity a second portion of the article using a second electrically insulating material, leaving selected surface areas of the first portion exposed. The second material is resistant to the adhesion promotion process employed for the first material, or is non-catalytic for, and incapable of being rendered catalytic for, adherent metallization by the activating process employed for the first material. The exposed surface areas of the first portion of the article may then be metallized, for example, by electroless deposition to form the metallized one-piece article.
Abstract:
A stepping motor including a plurality of stator poles wherein the stator poles are non-symmetrically displaced from their normal position to reduce harmonics in the torquel displacement crossing of the motor.
Abstract:
In the manufacture of a multilayer polymer film, the thickness and degree of orientation are simultaneously measured. A beam of infrared radiation having predetermined wavelengths, is either transmitted through or reflected by the polymer film to be measured and received by a photodetector. The photodetector provides an electrical output signal which can be analyzed to determine the thickness and degree of orientation.
Abstract:
In the measurement of the optical transmittance of a sample, a beam which is split from a source of illumination is . directed through the sample and then redirected back through the sample. The redirected beam and a reference beam which is also split from the source of illumination are alternately applied to a photodetector. Both the sample beam and the reference beam pass through a monochromator prior to application to the photodetector. The output of the photodetector is processed by an electronic circuit and applied to a computer. Data representative of the two beams can be compared in order to provide an indication of the amount of light the sample transmits at certain optical wavelengths.
Abstract:
An improved method for making conductive metal patterns is claimed involving the steps of treating a substrate with a solution comprising a reducible salt of a non-noble metal and a light radiation sensitive reducing compound, exposing said substrate to light radiant energy, fixing with a solution comprised of a complexing agent followed by electroless deposition, the improvement comprising extending the life span of the fixing solution by maintaining the concentration of the light sensitive reducing compound of the fixing solution so that it does not exceed 0,4 m moles/l i ter.