摘要:
A method of forming a fluorinated molecular entity includes reacting in a reaction mixture an aromatic halide, copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand. The aromatic halide includes an aromatic group and a halogen substituent bonded to the aromatic group. The ligand includes at least one group-V donor selected from phosphorus and an amine. The overall molar ratio of copper to aromatic halide in the reaction mixture is from 0.2 to 3. The method further includes forming a fluoroalkylarene including the aromatic group and the fluoroalkyl group bonded to the aromatic group. A composition, which may be used in the method, consists essentially of copper, the fluoroalkyl group, and the ligand, where the molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.
摘要:
It is intended to provide a method of rapid methylation of an aromatic compound or an alkenyl compound, which is capable of obtaining an aromatic compound or an alkenyl compound labeled with a methyl group or a fluoromethyl group under a mild condition rapidly in high yield using an organic boron compound whose toxicity is not so high as a substrate; a kit for preparing a PET tracer to be used in the same, and a method of producing a PET tracer using the same. In an aprotic polar solvent, methyl iodide or X-CH2F (wherein X is a functional group which can be easily released as an anion), an organic boron compound in which an aromatic ring or an alkenyl group is attached to boron are subjected to cross-coupling in the presence of a palladium(0) complex, a phosphine ligand, and a base.
摘要:
To provide a method of rapid methylation of alkenes, which is applicable to the preparation of a PET tracer and which enables alkenes to be methylated through cross coupling between SP 2 (alkenyl) and SP 3 (alkyl) carbon atoms rapidly and in a high yield. Methyl iodide and an alkenyltrialkylstannane are subjected to cross coupling in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a palladium complex having a valence of 0, a phosphine ligand, a cuprous halide, and a carbonate and/or alkali metal fluoride.
摘要:
The process for producing a predetermined CXHYOZ product from a primary feedstock containing hydrocarbons and a secondary feedstock is disclosed, wherein X,Y and Z are integers. The process includes the steps of: providing primary feedstock;, indirectly heating it generally in the absence of oxygen.; cleaning the gas stream produced therefrom by removing CO2 and solids; determining the amount of CO and H2 therein; comparing the percentage of CO and H2 in the cleaned gas stream with the required CO and H2 to produce the predetermined CXHYOZ product; determining the additional of CO and H2 required; determining the secondary feedstock; calculating the amount of CO, H2 and heat produced from the secondary feedstock; partially oxidizing the secondary feedstock to produce heat and a secondary gas stream; combining the CO and H2 from both feedstocks to produce a mixed gas stream; adding a catalyst; and distilling to produce the predetermined CXHYOZ product.
摘要:
The present invention provides various processes for producing methanol and ethanol, preferably in a mixed alcohol stream. In one embodiment, the invention includes directing syngas to a synthesis zone wherein the syngas contacts a methanol synthesis catalyst and an ethanol synthesis catalyst under conditions effective to form methanol and ethanol. The methanol and ethanol, in a desired ratio, are directed to an oxygenate to olefin reaction system for conversion thereof to ethylene and propylene in a desired ratio. The invention also relates to processes for varying the weight ratio of ethylene to propylene formed in an oxygenate to olefin reaction system.
摘要:
This invention describes a process for covalently coupling organic compounds which comprises reacting an olefinic compound having a halogen or halogen-like substituent at a coupling position with a diboron derivative in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and a suitable base. The invention also describes a process for preparing alkene borate intermediates comprising reacting an olefinic compound having a halogen or halogen-like substituent with a diboron derivative in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst and a suitable base.
摘要:
There are disclosed a method for producing a cross-coupling compound of formula (3):(Y-) (n-1) R 1 -R 2 -(R 1 ) (n'-L) wherein R 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group, and n and n' each represent 1 or 2, provided that when n and n' are the same, both n and n' are not 2, R 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, and Y represents R 2 or X 1 , wherein R 2 is as defined above, and X 1 represents a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, which method comprises reacting an organic halide of formula (1):n'(R 1 X 1 n ), wherein R 1 is as defined above and carbon atoms at the α and β positions relative to X 1 are sp 3 carbon atoms, and X 1 , n and n' are as defined above, with a boron compound of formula (2):m{R 2 (BX 2 2 ) n' }, wherein R 2 and n' are as defined above, X 2 independently represents a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy or aryloxy group, or X 2 2 together form an alkoxy or aryloxy group, and m represents 1 or 2, and m≤n, and the boron atom is bonded with an sp 2 carbon atom of R 2 group, or a boronic acid trimer anhydride thereof, in the presence of a base and a catalyst comprising a nickel compound and a compound of formula (i): wherein R 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, 1 represents an integer of 1 to 3, and p and q each represents an integer of 0 to 2; and a catalyst.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a reusable heterogeneous nanopalladium (o) catalyst, for preparing coupling products by C-C bond formation reaction of haloarenes that include unreactive chloroarenes in the presence of base. The catalyst is prepared by an exchange of PdCl 4 2- followed by reduction on the support selected from LDH and S'-NR 3 X wherein S' is a unmodified surface support selected from resin and silica, R is an alkyl group selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, X is selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, F, OH and OAc.