摘要:
The invention is directed to the cross-metathesis and ring-closing metathesis reactions between geminal disubstituted olefins and terminal olefins, wherein the reaction employs a Ruthenium or Osmium metal carbene complex. Specifically, the invention relates to the synthesis of α-functionalized or unfunctionalized olefins via intermolecular cross-metathesis and intramolecular ring-closing metathesis using a ruthenium alkylidene complex. The catalysts preferably used in the invention are of general formula (I) or (II), wherein: M is ruthenium or osmium; X and X1 are each independently an anionic ligand; L is a neutral electron donor ligand; and, R, R?1, R6, R7, R8, and R9¿ are each independently hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of C¿1?-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C20 alkylsulfinyl.
摘要:
The invention pertains to the use of Group 8 transition metal alkylidene complexes as catalysts for olefin cross-metathesis reactions. In particular, ruthenium and osmium alkylidene complexes substituted with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and at least one electron donor ligand in the form of a heterocyclic group are used to catalyze cross-metathesis reactions to provide a olefin products that are directly substituted with an electron-withdrawing group.
摘要:
The present invention relates to the synthesis of highly active ruthenium and osmium carbene metathesis catalyst in good yield from readily available starting materials. The catalysts that may be synthesized are of general formula (I) wherein: M is ruthenium or osmium; X and X are independently any anionic ligand; L and L are any neutral electron donor ligand; and, R and R are each hydrogen or one of the following substituent groups: C2-C20 alkenyl, C2-C20 alkynyl, C1-C20 alkyl, aryl, C1-C20 carboxylate, C1-C20 alkoxy, C2-C20 alkenyloxy, C2-C20 alkynyloxy, aryloxy, C2-C20 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C20 alkylthio, C1-C20 alkylsulfonyl and C1-C20 alkylsufinyl. Optionally, the substituent group may be substituted with one or more groups selected from C1-C5 alkyl, halogen, C1-C5 alkoxy, and aryl. When the substitute aryl group is phenyl, it may be further substituted with one or more groups selected from a halogen, a C1-C5 alkyl, or a C1-C5 alkoxy. Specific synthetic protocols for vinyl alkylidene catalysts wherein R is hydrogen and R is -CHCR R and non-vinyl alkyldiene catalysts are also disclosed. In addition to the ease of synthesis (typically a one-step synthesis), the reactions generally may be run at or above room temperature and the resulting products usually may be used without extensive post synthesis purification.
摘要:
Techniques are used to detect and identify analytes. Techniques are used to fabricate and manufacture sensors to detect analytes. An analyte (1810) is sensed by sensors (1820) that output electrical signals in response to the analyte. The electrical signals are preprocessed (1830) by filtering and amplification. In an embodiment, this preprocessing includes adapting the sensor and electronics to the environment in which the analyte exists. The electrical signals are further processed (1840) to classify and identify the analyte, which may be by a neural network.
摘要:
This disclosure relates compositions comprising upconverting nanocrystals and photoactive compositions and methods using these compositions to modify treat myopia and other ocular conditions. In some cases, the methods use near infrared irradiation to adjust the refractive power of light adjustable ocular lenses. Other methods improve the mechanical strength of the sclera directly.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a mild, efficient, and general direct C(sp)-H bond silylation. Various embodiments includes methods, each method comprising or consisting essentially of contacting at least one organic substrate comprising a terminal alkynyl C—H bond, with a mixture of at least one organosilane and an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal alkoxide, or alkali metal hydride under conditions sufficient to form a silylated terminal alkynyl moiety. The methods are operable in the presence or substantially absence of transition-metal compounds. The systems associated with these methods are also disclosed.
摘要:
This invention relates to methods and compositions for preparing linear and cyclic polyolefins. More particularly, the invention relates to methods and compositions for preparing functionalized linear and cyclic polyolefins via olefin metathesis reactions. Polymer products produced via the olefin metathesis reactions of the invention may be utilized for a wide range of materials applications. The invention has utility in the fields of polymer and materials chemistry and manufacture.
摘要:
The present invention provides engineered proteins and biomedical products made from the engineered proteins. The biomedical products include lenses useful for ophthalmic purposes.
摘要:
The invention discloses ruthenium alkylidene of the type (PCy3)(L)C12Ru(CHPh), where L is a triazolylidene ligand of the general formula (I). These catalysts have been found to be considerably more active for olefin metathesis at elevated temperatures than the parent catalyst (PCy3)2C12Ru(CHPh)(2). For example, complex 14 (L=1,4,4-triphenyl-4.5-dihydro-1H-triazol-5-ylidene) is able to catalyze the ring-closing metathesis of substituted dienes to give tetra-substituted cyclic olefins in good yield. In addition, this complex demonstrates the analogous stability towards oxygen and moisture exhibited by ruthenium alkylidene 2.