摘要:
An all-metal electron emissive structure (20) for low-pressure lamps is disclosed. The all-metal electron emissive structure consisting of one or more metal is operable to emit electrons in response to a thermal excitation, wherein an active region of the electron emissive structure under steady state operating conditions has a temperature greater than about 1500 degree K, and wherein the cathode fall voltage in the discharge medium under steady state operating conditions is less than about 100 volts. A lamp (100) including an envelope (102), an electrode including the all-metal electron emissive structure (104), and a medium, is also disclosed.
摘要:
A mercury-free discharge composition may be provided. The ionizable mercury-free discharge composition may include gallium and a halogen. The composition may be capable of emitting radiation if excited, and the composition may produce a total equilibrium operating pressure less than about 100,000 Pascals if excited. A mercury-free discharge lamp (20) may be provided. The mercury-free discharge lamp may include an envelope (22); an ionizable discharge composition including gallium contained by the envelope (22); and a phosphor composition contained by the envelope (22) and in communication with the ionizable discharge composition.
摘要:
A process and apparatus (50) for continuously depositing a coating on a fibrous material. The process is a chemical vapor deposition process that includes causing multiple strands (46) of a fibrous material to continuously travel through a coating zone within an enclosed chamber (44) defined by a housing (42) so that portions of the strands (46) contact a reactant gas as the portions travel through the chamber (44), directly heating the portions of the strands (46) without physically contacting the strands (46) and without directly heating the housing (42), and depositing a coating material on the strands (46) as a result of the reactant gas contacting the portions of the strands (46) and decomposing to form a coating of the coating material. Heating of the strands (46) can be achieved by capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, microwave radiation, and radiant heating.
摘要:
An all-metal electron emissive structure (20) for low-pressure lamps is disclosed. The all-metal electron emissive structure consisting of one or more metal is operable to emit electrons in response to a thermal excitation, wherein an active region of the electron emissive structure under steady state operating conditions has a temperature greater than about 1500 degree K, and wherein the cathode fall voltage in the discharge medium under steady state operating conditions is less than about 100 volts. A lamp (100) including an envelope (102), an electrode including the all-metal electron emissive structure (104), and a medium, is also disclosed.
摘要:
In one aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic device is provided. The photovoltaic device includes a window layer and an absorber layer disposed on the window layer, wherein the absorber layer includes a first region and a second region, the first region disposed adjacent to the window layer. The absorber layer further includes a first additive and a second additive, wherein a concentration of the first additive in the first region is greater than a concentration of the first additive in the second region, and wherein a concentration of the second additive in the second region is greater than a concentration of the second additive in the first region. Method of making a photovoltaic device is also provided.
摘要:
A mercury-free discharge composition may be provided. The ionizable mercury-free discharge composition may include gallium and a halogen. The composition may be capable of emitting radiation if excited, and the composition may produce a total equilibrium operating pressure less than about 100,000 Pascals if excited. A mercury-free discharge lamp (20) may be provided. The mercury-free discharge lamp may include an envelope (22); an ionizable discharge composition including gallium contained by the envelope (22); and a phosphor composition contained by the envelope (22) and in communication with the ionizable discharge composition.
摘要:
A mercury-free ultraviolet (UV) discharge source (10) includes an elongated envelope (14) having a diameter in a preferred range from approximately 2 to 3 cm, and thermionically emitting electrodes (16). The envelope contains a rare gas fill (xenon or krypton, including mixtures of these with other rare gases) at a pressure in a range from approx-imately 10 millitorr to approximately 200 millitorr. A power supply (22) is arranged for ionizing the rare gas fill and generating a discharge (12) with a current in a range from approximately 100 to approximately 500 milliamperes (mA). The UV discharge source has an efficiency and output comparable to existing mercury-based low-pressure discharge sources and is intended for use with a suitable phosphor capable of converting the UV radiation to visible light in a fluorescent lamp.
摘要:
A mercury-free ultraviolet (UV) discharge source (10) includes an elongated envelope (14) having a diameter in a preferred range from approximately 2 to 3 cm, and thermionically emitting electrodes (16). The envelope contains a rare gas fill (xenon or krypton, including mixtures of these with other rare gases) at a pressure in a range from approx-imately 10 millitorr to approximately 200 millitorr. A power supply (22) is arranged for ionizing the rare gas fill and generating a discharge (12) with a current in a range from approximately 100 to approximately 500 milliamperes (mA). The UV discharge source has an efficiency and output comparable to existing mercury-based low-pressure discharge sources and is intended for use with a suitable phosphor capable of converting the UV radiation to visible light in a fluorescent lamp.